Surgeries Flashcards
Anterior resection
surgical procedure to remove the diseased portion of bowel and rectum, performed using GA. treats renal cancer. Incision down abdomen
hemicolectomy
removing right or left segment of the colon. it treats colon cancer and bowel diseases. right hemicolectomy- ascending colon, left= descending colon,
incision made across abdomen vertically, or horizontally
abdominal perineal resection
usually performed when alternative cancer treatments have not been successful. removes rectum, anal canal and lower bowel. performed under GA. incision made in abdomen and anal canal. can be done laparoscopically- lots of small incisions in abdomen.
whipple
remove tumours from the head or neck of the pancreas (cancer, cysts, trauma, pacreaitis). surgeon removes head of pancreas, the lower end of the stomach,, duodenum, gallbladder, part of the bile duct and surrounding lymph nodes. incision horizontal across abdomen then up to sternum
gastrectomy
where all or some of the stomach is removed, used for stomach cancer. can also be used for life threatening obesity oesophageal cancer, stomach ulcers and bengin tumours
4 types- total (whole), partial (lower part removed), sleeve (left side is removed) oesophageal (top part and part of oesophagus removed
open gastrectomy- large cut made in chest/stomach
laprascopic gastrectomy- several smaller cuts
liver resection
removal of all or part of liver, treats cancer. incision across the right upper abdomen, below the ribcage. (thoracic)
lobectomy
surgical procedure where an entire lobe of lung is removed due to cancer, infection, COPD, benign tumour, TB and lung abscess. Sleeve resection is a surgical procedure where either one third or one half of the lung sis removed, along with lymph glands around it, allows middle of lung to be removed. incision made across side of chest, in between the 2 ribs located in that area. (thoracic)
pneumonectomy
removal of whole lung, due to cancer, trauma, bronchiectasis, fungal infection, pulmonary TB, congenital lung disease, chronic asthma, emphysema. incision made in between 2 ribs from front to back, ribs are separated, lung is deflated and removed, surrounding lymph nodes can also be removed to prevent Ca progressing. (thoracic)
lung volume reduction
remove diseased lung tissue. done in patients with emphysema where PFTs show severe obstructions and enlarged lungs. improves breathings. last resort. incision made laterally, horizontally between ribs. (thoracic)
pleural surgery
pleurectomy- part of the pleura is removed to prevent fluid collecting in area. pleurodesis- involves putting irritating drug into the pleural space on one side of chest to try and stick the lung to the wall of the chest and prevent further collection of fluid or air in the space. decortication- removal of fibrous tissue that has abnormally formed on the surface of the lung. VATS- video assisted thoracoscopic minimally invasive. incision made thoracically
oesophogectomy
used to treat oesophageal carcinomas or benign lesions.
transthoracic oesophogectomy- incision in thoracic cavity in 5th intercostal space, stomach then mobilised by abdominal incision. transhiatal oesophagectomy- cervical incision and abdominal incision. ivor lewis oesophagectomy- combines laprotomy and a oesophagectomy and is used for legions or carinomas in the thoracic oesophagus as well as those in the gastroesophgeal area. an upper abdomianl incision is made.
how does thoracic and cardiac surgery affect breathing mechanics
surgery affects bucket handle (thoracic), pump handle movement more (cardiac)
how does abdominal surgery effect breathing mechanics
abdominal surgery will affect the movement of diaphragm more as abdominal distention and pain will inhibit downward diaphragmatic movement movement reducing lung volume.
what does oesophagectomy surgery effect
they have a thoracotomy and a laparotomy on top of ver long GA
