Surface Water

Question 1

Tributary

Answer 1

A smaller river flowing into a larger one

Question 2

Watershed

Answer 2

The area of land drained by a river and its tributaries

Question 3

Oxbow

Answer 3

an extreme bend in a river

Question 4

Oxbow Lake

Answer 4

the bend is cut off and remains an isolated U-shaped body of water

Question 5

Floodplain

Answer 5

The area adjacent to the river’s course that are flooded periodically

Question 6

Riparian zone

Answer 6

Riverside areas that are productive and species rich

Question 7

Laminar flow

Answer 7

Streamlines are parallel, little or no mixing occurs between adjacent layers in fluid. Laminar flow is slow and creates little erosion

Question 8

Turbulent flow

Answer 8

Streamlines are intertwined. Intense mixing between adjacent layers in the fluid. Erosion and transportation of sediment take place

Question 9

Velocity is controlled by:

Answer 9

Gradient, channel features, discharge

Question 10

Suspended load

Answer 10

Clay and slit which are kept suspended by fluid turbulence, and deposited only where tubulence is minimal

Question 11

Bed load

Answer 11

Larger particles such as sand and gravel

Question 12

Saltation load

Answer 12

intermitten bouncing/skipping. Larger particles move by rolling or sliding

Question 13

Settling velocity

Answer 13

rate of settling in still water

Question 14

Suspended load is controlled by:

Answer 14

Velocity and settling velocity

Question 15

Competence

Answer 15

Maximum-size particles a stream can carry, depends on velocity

Question 16

Capacity

Answer 16

Total load a stream can carry, and depends on discharge

Question 17

Hydrograph

Answer 17

A plot of stream discharge at a single point over time

Question 18

Direct precipitation

Answer 18

Rainfall that lands directly on the surface of a water body

Question 19

Surface runoff

Answer 19

Precipitation falling on the land that moves as a sheet or as small trickles directly on the ground surface to the main stream

Question 20

Horton-ian Overland Flow

Answer 20

When rainfall intensity exceeds the rate of water infiltration in the soil

Question 21

Interflow

Answer 21

Precipitation that enters the subsurface and moves channels without recharging the groundwater system

Question 22

Groundwater recharge

Answer 22

Precipitation passes through the unsaturated zone and enters the groundwater flow system

Question 23

Snow melt

Answer 23

Can contribute a constant recharge to the surface water system is gradual (glacier melting)