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EARTH 123 > Soil and Infiltration > Flashcards

Soil and Infiltration Flashcards

1
Q

What is regolith?

A

A region of loose unconsolidated rock and dust that sits atop a layer of bedrock

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2
Q

What is the vadose zone?

A

The unsaturated soil space between the land surface and the water table

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3
Q

What is parent material?

A

The base geologic material of soil

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4
Q

What is organic matter

A

Living and dad microorganisms as well as decaying plants and animal materal

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5
Q

What is a horizon

A

each layer of soil

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6
Q

What is a soil profile?

A

The cross-section of soil as a whole

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7
Q

What is top soil?

A

Inorganic and organic material most nutritive for plants

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8
Q

What is leaching?

A

Dissolved particles moving through horizons

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9
Q

What is litter?

A

Surface deposits of leaves, branches, mosses, animal waste

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10
Q

What is the O horizon composed of?

A

Organic material

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11
Q

What is the A horizon composed of?

A

Mainly mineral

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12
Q

What is the E horizon composed of?

A

Fine particles move down, water leaches the more soluble minerals

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13
Q

What is the B horizon composed of?

A

Accumulation zone for fine-grained particles

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14
Q

What is the R horizon composed of

A

Unweathered bedrock

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15
Q

What is fertilizer?

A

Substances that contain essential nutrients, but over-application can damage soils

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16
Q

What are inorganic fertilizers?

A

Mined or synthetically manufactured mineral supplements

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17
Q

What are organic fertilizers

A

The remains or wastes of organics

18
Q

What is compost?

A

Produced when decomposers break down organic material

19
Q

What is weathering?

A

The physical, chemical or biological processes that break down rocks to form soils

20
Q

What is physical weathering?

A

Wind, rain, no chemical change in parent material

21
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

Substance chemically interact with parent material

22
Q

What is biological weathering?

A

Organisms break down parent material

23
Q

What is humus?

A

A dark, spongy, crumbly mass of material formed by partially decompostion

24
Q

What is erosion

A

The dislodging and movement of soils by wind or water

25
Q

What does soil colour indicate?

A

Its composition, water content and fertility

26
Q

What does black or dark brown soil indicate?

A

Rich in organic matter, higher water content

27
Q

What does pale gray or white soil indicate?

A

Leaching, less water content

28
Q

Soil texture

A

the size of particles

29
Q

What is the order of soil texture (smallest to largest)

A

clay, slit, sand, gravel

30
Q

Porosity

A

Measure of the relative volume of spaces within the material

31
Q

Permeability

A

Measure of interconnectedness of space and the ease with which fluids can move through the material

32
Q

Does clay have a high or lower porosity?

A

Highest porosity

33
Q

Does clay have a high or low permeability

A

Low permeability

34
Q

What is loam?

A

Soil with an even mixture of clay, slit and sand

35
Q

What is soil structure?

A

A measure of soil’s “clumpiness”

36
Q

What is plowpan

A

A hard layer resulting from repeated plowing that resists water infiltration and root penetration

37
Q

What is soil pH

A

Influences a soil’s ability to support plant growth

38
Q

What is liquid limit?

A

Upper limit of water content for the soil to exhibit plastic behaviour

39
Q

What is plastic limit

A

Lower limit of water content for the soil to exhibit plastic behaviour

40
Q

Shrinkage limit

A

the transition from plastic to soil behaviour; not volume change with further drying

41
Q

Plasticity

A

The ability of a soil to undergo unrecoverable deformation at constant volume without cracking or crumbing

EARTH 123 (10 decks)

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