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Fundamentals Block 2 > surface specializations and cell junction > Flashcards

surface specializations and cell junction Flashcards

1
Q

where can the junctional complexes be seen on a slide?

A

terminal bar

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2
Q

forms bands around the entire apical circumference of cell walls

A

zonula occludens

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3
Q

What are the proteins found in zonula occludens?

A

integral membrane: claudins & occludin
peripheral membrane: ZO 1,2,3; cingulin; spectrin
cytoskeletal: actin

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4
Q

how do zonula occludens influence cell polarity?

A

-restrict movement within cell membrane
-separate apical and basolateral domains
-can seal intercellular space

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5
Q

how do zonula occludens serve as a selective permeability barrier?

A

-regulate paracellular transport/passive diffusion
-facilitate/promote transcellular transport (ion transporter)

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6
Q

how do zonula occludens serve in innate immune/host defense function?

A

bacteria in intestinal lumen leads to large fluid release via open paracellular pathway to flush surface

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7
Q

-important belt like cell-cell adhesion units
-thought to mediate folding and other 3D shapes of epithelia via actin and myosin interactions
-required for tight junction formation

A

zonula adherens

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8
Q

what are the proteins found in zonula adherens?

A

transmembrane: Cadherins
peripheral membrane: Catenins, a-actinin, vinculin
cytoskeleton: actin

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9
Q

terminal web

A

-comprised primarily of actin microfilaments
-anchored to the zonula adherens
-stabilizes the apex of the cell

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10
Q

-spot-like cell-cell adhesion units
-serve as membrane anchor for the cytoskeleton
-transmit tensile strength through epithelium
-cell signaling

A

macula adherens (desmosomes)

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11
Q

what are the proteins found in macula adherens?

A

transmembrane: desmocollins & desmogleins
peripheral membrane: desmoplakin, plakoglobin, plakophilin
cytoskeletal: keratin

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12
Q

describe the positioning of desmosomes:

A

-part of junctional complex, but not constrained to this position
-found along all lateral walls

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13
Q

tetraspans

A

connexins

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14
Q

hexameric hemichannels

A

connexons

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15
Q

what is a gap junction made of

A

connexon of 1 cell docks with connexon of adjacent cell

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16
Q

-spot-like cell-cell communication & resource-sharing units
-intracellular channel function
-action potential transmission
-metabolite/nutrient diffusion
-second messenger diffusion
-induction/modulation of cell processes

A

gap junctions

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17
Q

what systems are typically affected with defects in gap junctions?

A

sight, hearing, heart, skin

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18
Q

what is the microscopy difference between basement membrane and basal lamina?

A

basement membrane- light microscopy (special stains)
basal lamina- electron microscope

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19
Q

what are the 2 layers of the basement membrane?

A

basal lamina and reticular lamina

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20
Q

what are the principal functions of the basement membrane?

A

-selective permeability
-physical support; transmit forces to adjacent connective tissue
-instructive role/signaling function; critical for positioning of brain cells

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21
Q

what are the principal components of the basal lamina?

A

-lamina rara (laminin, nidogen, XVII collagen BPAG2)
-lamina densa (IV collagen, perlecan)

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22
Q

what are the principal components of the reticular lamina?

A

-reticular fibers (mainly collagen III)
-VII collagen
-fibronectin

23
Q

how do type IV and type III collagen produce a layer that is difficult for microorganisms and metastasizing cells to pass through?

A

type iv produces and fine feltwork and type III produces a larger grain network

24
Q

a short collagen that anchors the lamina densa to the reticular lamina

A

Type VII

25
Q

anchors the lamina densa to type III collagen fibers in the reticular layer

A

type VII collagen fibers

26
Q

-spot-like cell-matrix adhesion units
-anchor cells to the basal lamina
-transmit tensile strength from epithelium to ECM

A

hemidesmosomes

27
Q

what are the proteins found in hemidesmosomes?

A

integral: integrins, XVII collagen (BPAG2)
peripheral: plectin, BP180
cytoskeleton: keratin

28
Q

what causes skin blistering?

A

autoantibodies generated against desmoglein1 & 3 attack proteins in macula adherens

29
Q

Keratin intermediate filaments bind _______, _______ in attachment plaque.

A

plectin, BP180

30
Q

Integrins attached to plectins bind to ____________ in the lamina rara.

A

laminins

31
Q

Integrins and laminins then connect to the __________ in the lamina densa

A

type IV collagen

32
Q

The lamina densa is tied to ___________ in the reticular lamina by fibronectin and type VII collagen.

A

type III collagen

33
Q

desmosome vs hemidesmosome proteins?

A

-plaque: desmoplakin vs plectin
-transmembrane: cadherins vs integrins

34
Q
A
35
Q

-spot-like cell-matrix adhesion unit that anchors cytoskeleton to ECM
-detects and transduces extracellular signals

A

focal adhesions

36
Q

-colocalizes with integrin
-mediates adhesion, growth, survival, proliferation, migration, invasion
-overexpressed in numerous cancer types and proposed target for anti-cancer therapy

A

focal adhesion kinase

37
Q

what are the proteins found on focal adhesions?

A

-integral: integrins
-peripheral: vinculin, talin, a-actinin, paxillin
-cytoskeletal: actin

38
Q

what is the purpose of basolateral membrane infoldings and outfoldings?

A

-increase cell surface area
-common in cells that transport fluids and electrolyte

39
Q

-carbohydrate-rich coat; well-developed on absorptive epithelial
-contributes to cell-cell recognition, communication, and intracellular adhesion

A

glycocalyx

40
Q

-contain actin core anchored to terminal web
-increase surface area for absorption
-not motile
-visible glyocalyx

A

microvilli

41
Q

What proteins stabilize the actin core and attach it to the microvillar membrane?

A

villin, fimbrin, and mysoin 1

42
Q

-very tall microvilli
-contain actin cores
-commonly seen where fast absorption is necessary
-apical specializations on hair cells of the inner ear

A

stereocilia

43
Q

contains axoneme microtubule doublet core anchored into a basal body

A

cilia

44
Q

cytoskeleton of 9 figure 8 shaped doublets and a central pair of microtubules

A

axoneme

45
Q

like a centriole, has 9 triplet microtubules and lacks central pair

A

basal body

46
Q

movement of dynein arms via ATP hydrolysis
(allow cilia to move luminal contents)

A

effective stroke

47
Q

passive elastic connections from the radial spokes
(allow cilia to move luminal contents)

A

recovery stroke

48
Q

what issues are caused by diseases that affect axoneme motility?

A

respiratory symptoms and male sterility

49
Q

-derive from an axoneme (no central pair) from a centriole
-most lack dynein so they are non-motile (except ventral node)
-detect physical and chemical changes in the extracellular environment

A

primary cilia

50
Q

what happens when primary cilia of the kidney are defected?

A

polycistic kidneys

51
Q

defects in beating of nodal cilia result in 50/50 chance of ____________

A

situs invertus

52
Q

how can cilia defects affect the epidermis

A

can cause some forms of skin cancer

53
Q
A

Fundamentals Block 2 (10 decks)

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