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Cardiovascular System > Surface Anatomy and Coronary Vessels > Flashcards

Surface Anatomy and Coronary Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the fibrous part of the pericardial sac?

A

Holds the heart in place

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2
Q

What is the outer layer of the pericardial sac?

A

Parietal layer

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3
Q

What is the inner layer of the pericardial sac?

A

Serous layer

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4
Q

What nerve roots innervate the phrenic nerves?

A

C3, C4 & C5

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5
Q

What is the function of the phrenic nerves?

A
  • Provide motor and sensory innervation to the diaphragm

- Provide sensory innervation to the pericardium

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6
Q

Describe the path of phrenic nerves to the heart

A
  • Nerves descend anterior to the lungs
  • Right nerve descends over the right atrium
  • Left nerve descends over the left atrium
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7
Q

What structure is fused with the inferior pericardial surface?

A

The diaphragm

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8
Q

What forms the left border of the heart?

A

The left ventricle

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9
Q

What forms the right border of the heart?

A

Right atrium

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10
Q

What forms the inferior border of the heart?

A

Right ventricle

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11
Q

What forms the anterior surface of the heart?

A

Right atrium and ventricle

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12
Q

What forms the posterior surface of the heart?

A

Left atrium and ventricle

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13
Q

Where do the coronary arteries arise from?

A

The left and right aortic sinuses

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14
Q

What does the right coronary artery supply?

A

Right atrium, SAN, AVN, posterior part of the interventricular septum

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15
Q

What is the path of the right coronary artery?

A
  • Travels in the right atrioventricular groove posteriorly between the right atrium and ventricle
  • Gives off 2 branches before continuing around to the posterior aspect of the heart
  • Moves through the groove until it reaches the crux where it gives off another branch
  • May give off a further branch
  • Continues for a short distance along the posterior atrioventricular groove before terminating
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16
Q

What is the path of the sinuatrial branch of the RCA?

A
  • Arises from the RCA as it passes through the right AV groove
  • Travels towards the SA node where it terminates
17
Q

What does the sinuatrial branch of the RCA supply?

A

The SA node

18
Q

What is the path of the right marginal branch of the RCA?

A
  • Originates from the RCA distal to the sinuatrial branch
  • Moves down towards the apex of the heart
  • Terminates before reaching the apex
19
Q

What does the right marginal branch of the RCA supply?

A

Right border of the heart

20
Q

What is the path of the atrioventricular nodal branch of the RCA?

A
  • Originates from the RCA at the crux of the heart

- Moves to the AVN where it terminates

21
Q

What does the atrioventricular branch of the RCA supply?

22
Q

What is the path of the posterior interventricular branch of the RCA?

A
  • Originates from the RCA distally to the AV nodal branch
  • Descends between the ventricles
  • Sends perforating interventricular septal branches into the interventricular septum
23
Q

What does the posterior interventricular branch of the RCA supply?

A

Interventricular septum

24
Q

What does the left coronary artery supply?

A

Most of the left atrium and ventricle, IVS and AV bundles, may supply the AVN

25
Q

What is the path of the left coronary artery?

A
  • Runs through the left atrioventricular groove and splits into 2 branches
  • One branch runs in the anterior IV groove to the apex of the heart
  • Second branch continues in the AV groove to the posterior surface and usually terminates in the posterior AV groove
26
Q

What is the path of the left anterior descending artery?

A
  • Originates from the LCA as the inferior branch
  • Runs in the anterior IV groove to the apex of the heart
  • Gives off interventricular septal branches
  • Usually gives off another branch to the anterior surface if the heart
  • Goes around the inferior border of the heart and usually anastomoses with the posterior interventricular artery
27
Q

What does the LAD artery supply?

A

Adjacent parts of both ventricles

28
Q

What is the path of the diagonal branch of the LAD artery?

A
  • Originates from the LAD artery
  • Descends the anterior surface of the heart
  • Terminates on the anterior surface
29
Q

What is the path of the circumflex branch of the LCA?

A
  • Originates from the LCA and follows the AV groove to the posterior surface of the heart
  • Gives off branch to the left margin of the heart
  • Usually terminates in the AV groove but may continue to the posterior IV groove
  • May give off a branch to the SA node
30
Q

What does the left marginal branch of the LCA supply?

A

Left ventricle

31
Q

What is the path of the left marginal branch of the LCA?

A
  • Originates from the circumflex branch

- Runs down the left margin of the heart

32
Q

What is the coronary sinus?

A

Main vein of the heart

33
Q

What is the path of the coronary sinus?

A

Runs from left to right in the posterior part of the AV groove

34
Q

What is the great cardiac vein?

A

Main tributary of the coronary sinus

35
Q

What is the path of the great cardiac vein?

A
  • Anterior IV vein originates at the apex and ascends with the anterior IV branch of the LCA
  • Turns left at the AV groove and moves with the circumflex branch of the LCA to the coronary sinus
36
Q

What is the path of the middle cardiac vein?

A

Accompanies the posterior IV branch of the RCA

37
Q

What is the path of the small cardiac vein?

A

Accompanies the right marginal branch of the RCA

38
Q

What is the path of the anterior cardiac veins?

A
  • Originate at the anterior surface of the right ventricle
  • Cross over the AV groove
  • Usually terminate directly into the right atrium
39
Q

What attaches the pericardial sac to the sternum?

A

Sternopericardial ligament

Cardiovascular System (10 decks)

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