suprarenal glands

Question 1

steroid hormone producing endocrine cells features

Answer 1

smooth ER
mitochondria with tubular cristae
lipid droplets
no deposition of hormones

Question 2

protein hormone producing endocrine cell feature

Answer 2

rER, well developed golgi
shelf-like mitochondria
intracellular deposition of hormones

Question 3

exception of steroid hormone secreting gland

Answer 3

thyroid gland stores its production in follicular lumen

Question 4

adrenal gland is covered by dense connective tissue sheath

Answer 4

capsule

Question 5

parenchyma of adrenal gland is divided in 2

Answer 5

cortex
parenchyma

Question 6

cortex of the gland is __ color, secretes __ , originate from __

Answer 6

yellow
steroid
mesoderm

Question 7

medulla of the gland is __ color, secretes __ , originate from __

Answer 7

pearl gray
cathecholamine
neural crest

Question 8

adrenal cortex is divided in 3 layers

Answer 8

zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis

Question 9

zona glomerulosa
secretion of ___
cells have ___ cytoplasm, ___ triad of organelles
organized in __

Answer 9

mineralocorticoid
acidophilic, have steroid triad organelles
curved columns= glomerular-like

Question 10

zona fasciculate
secretion of ___
cells are also called ___ due to ___
organized in __

Answer 10

glucocorticoid
spongiocyte , foamy, vacuolar cytoplasm
linears cords of cells between sinusoids

Question 11

glucocorticoid secretion is controlled by __

Answer 11

corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 12

zone reticularis
secretion of __
specifically have ___ , their nucleus is ___
organized in ___

Answer 12

androgens -dehydroepiandosterone and androstenedione
lipofuscin granules, pyknotic
anastomosing cords of cells

Question 13

cells of adrenal medulla

Answer 13

chromaffin cell (medullary)
ganglion cells

Question 14

___ cells are responsible for catecholamine secretion

Answer 14

chromaffin cells

Question 15

function of ganglion cells in medulla

Answer 15

modulation of secretory activity of cortex
innervation of blood vessels

Question 16

chromaffin cells are ___

Answer 16

modified post-synaptic sympathetic neurons without dendrite or axons

Question 17

axon development of chromaffin cell are inhibited by ___

Answer 17

glucocorticoids –> vascular pathway of adrenal gland exposes chromaffin cells to constant glucocorticoid

Question 18

vascularization of adrenal gland

Answer 18

1. cortical sinusoidal capillaries: derived from short cortical arteriies, drain into medullary capillary sinusoids
2. long medullary arterioles supply medullary capillary sinusoids

Question 19

ultrastructure feature of norepinephrine and epinephrine granules

Answer 19

norepinephrine: large, eccentric electron dense core
epinephrine: small, central, less-electron dense core

Question 20

content of secretory granules of chromaffin cells

Answer 20

epinephrine, norepinephrine
chromagranin
ATP, enkephalin

Question 21

cortex is derived from mesenchymal cells located ___

Answer 21

between dorsal mesentery root and urogenital ridge
(coelomic epithelium)

Question 22

medulla is derived from __ and cell migrate to region from __

Answer 22

neural crest
sympathetic ganglion

Question 23

after primordial fetal cortex, permanent cortex begins to develop from __

Answer 23

2nd wave coelomic proliferation

Question 24

zones of adrenal gland begin to appear __

Answer 24

toward end of fetal life

Question 25

true/False
in a newborn all layers of adrenal gland are present

Answer 25

false:
zone glomerulosa and zona fasciculate are present
zone reticularis is not present
fetal cortex has not regressed

Question 26

at ___ , fetal cortex completely dissappears and zona reticularis is present

Answer 26

4 years old

Question 27

relative size of adrenal glands

Answer 27

at birth it is relatively larger
it does not growth significantly

Question 28

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 28

21 hydroxylase and 11b-hydroxylase deficiency
no synthesis of aldosterone or cortisol –> all intermediates directed for androgen biosynthesis
virilization of female fetus
macrogenitosoia in male fetus