Suprarenal (adrenal) gland

Question 1

Describe Capusle of Suprarenal gland

Answer 1

Thick & dense CT with Adipose tissue

Question 1

cortex of suprarenal gland is divided into compratments by

Answer 1

Trabeculae

Question 2

Reticular CT is stained ____with ___

Answer 2

brown with silver stain

Question 3

Cortex of Suprarenal gland is divided into

Answer 3

• Zona Glomerulosa (arches)
• Zona Fasciculata (sticks)
• Zona reticularis (deepest)

Question 4

Narrowest zone of suprarenal gland Cortex

Answer 4

Zona glomerulosa

Question 5

Widest Zone of suprarenal gland cortex

Answer 5

Zona Fasiculata

Question 6

Deepest Zone of suprarenal gland cortex

Answer 6

Zona Reticularis

Question 7

Types of cells lining Zona glomerulosa

Answer 7

Columnar cells (arranged in arched groups/ glomeruli)

Question 8

Types of cells lining Zona Fasciculata

Answer 8

Polyhedral cells arranged in Narrow straight cords ( fascicles)

Question 9

Types of cells lining Zona Reticularis

Answer 9

Polyhedral (same as Fasciculata) cells arranged in branching and anasatomosing cords

Question 10

cells of Zona glomerulosa are seperated by

Answer 10

fenestrated capillaries

Question 11

Cells of Zona Fascicularis are seperated by

Answer 11

Fenestrated capillaries

Question 12

cells of Zona Reticularis are seperated by

Answer 12

Blood sinusoids

Question 13

LM of Zona glomerulosa

Answer 13

• Columnar cells
• Basal Rounded nuclei (fareed mn no3o f columnar)
• pale cytoplasm (may be acidophilic & may be basophilic)

Question 14

LM of Zona Fasciculata

Answer 14

• Polyhedral cells
• Central rounded nuclei
• some are binucleated & Acidophilic Vaculated cytoplasm called Spongiocytes

Question 15

LM of Zona reticularis

Answer 15

• Polyhedral cells
• central rounded nucleus
• Acidophilic cytoplasm

Question 16

only cortical Zone where cells can have basophilic cytoplasm

Answer 16

Zona Glomerulosa

cells secreting Aldosterone (top one)

Question 17

only cortical Zone where cells can be binuclated & called spongiocytes

Answer 17

Zona Fasciculata

Zone secreting cortisol (in the middle)

Question 18

EM of Zona Glomerulosa

Answer 18

• Mitochondria
• Golgi
• sER
• few fat droplets

Question 19

EM of Zona Fasciculata

Answer 19

• Mitochondria
• Golgi
• sER
• MANY fat droplets

Cortisol

Question 20

EM of Zona Reticularis

Answer 20

• Mitochondria
• Golgi
• sER
• few fat droplets

Question 21

Cortical zone with cells that have many Fat droplet

Answer 21

Zona Fasciculata

Question 22

only Cortical Zone not controlled by ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone)

Answer 22

Zona Glomerulosa
(controlled by Angiotensin II)

Question 23

Function of Zona Glomerulosa

Answer 23

Secrete Mineralocorticods (Aldosterone)

Question 24

Function of Zona Fasciculata

Answer 24

Glucocorticoid secretion (**cortisol**)

Question 25

Function of Zona Reticularis

Answer 25

Secrete **Androgens** & small amounts of glucocorticoids

Question 26

embryonic origin of Cortex of Suprarenal gland

Answer 26

Mesoderm

Question 27

embryonic origin of medulla of Suprarenal gland

Answer 27

neuroectoderm | same as posterior pitutary gland

Question 28

chromaffin cells of Medulla are seperated by

Answer 28

blood sinusoid

Question 29

what type of cells are chromaffin cells

Answer 29

**Polyhedral modified sympathetic** neurones

Question 30

LM of Chromaffin cells

Answer 30

* Polyhedral * Basophilic cytoplasm * central rounded pale nucleus

Question 31

special stain for chromaffin cells

Answer 31

stains brown with chromium salts | +ve chromaffin

Question 32

EM of Chromaffin cells

Answer 32

* mitochodria * GA * rER * granules

Question 33

types of chromaffin cells

Answer 33

* Adrenaline secreting * Noradrenaline secreting

Question 34

compare between Adrenaline & Noradrenaline secreting cells

Answer 34

* Adrenaline secreting are l**ess dense** than Noradrenaline secreting * Adrenaline secreting have **homogenous granules** (adrenaline fills all of the granule), noradrenaline secreting cells have **peripheral clear halo**

Question 35

Secretory granules of chromaffin cells contain___

Answer 35

* Adrenaline/ Noradrenaline * enkephalins (opiate-like peptide)

Question 36

function of sympathetic nerve cells of medulla of suprarenal gland

Answer 36

* stimulate secretory activity of chromaffin cells | innervated by preganglionic sympathetic fibers

Question 37

Function of Medulla of suprarenal gland

Answer 37

* Secrete Adrenaline & noradrenaline in response to stress * small amounts are secreted during normal activity

Question 38

Chromaffin reaction is positive in ____

Answer 38

* Chromaffin cells * Paraganglia * Argentaffin cells of GIT

Question 39

compare between cortex and medulla of Suprarenal gland

Answer 39

* Cortex is mesodermal, medulla is neuroectodermal * Cortex has 3 zones (glomerulosa,fasciculata, reticularis), medulla has 2 cells (chromaffin & nerve cells) * Cortex is essential for life, medulla isn't * Cortex gives negative chromaffin reaction, medulla gives positive

Question 40

def. of paraganglia

Answer 40

masses of Chromaffin cells around sympathetic ganglia, that secrete adrenaline & noradrenaline

Question 41

pheochromocytoma definition

Answer 41

tumour in Adrenal medulla resulting in excess secretion of Catecholamines with life threatening hypertension

Question 42

pheochromocytoma diagnosis

Answer 42

Increased level of Catecholamine metabolites in urine