Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Good > Suppositories > Flashcards

Suppositories Flashcards

1
Q

What are suppositories?

A

Solid dosage forms intended for insertion into body orifices (i.e ear, nose, rectum, vagina, urethra)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are bougies?

A

Urethral and Nasal bougies are thin and long dosage forms used to insert into urethra and nose respectively.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the uses of suppositories?

A

Carry drug for action at site of placement

Carry drug for systemic action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Disadvantages of suppositories for drug delivery

A

Strong feeling of aversion in Asians
suppositories can leak
slow onset (~30min) and incomplete drug absorption
considerable intersubject and intrasubject variation in drug absorption
development of proctitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When will suppositories be recommended for drug delivery?

A

When patient unable to utilise oral route of drug administration
Also for drugs which are less suited for oral administration (due to high first pass)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are desirable properties of a suppository base?

A 
Can be moulded by pouring or compression
stable if heated above its melting point
does not adhere to mould
releases drug at desired rate
keep its shape when handled and easy to insert
does not leak out of orifice into which it is inserted
stable during storage
non-toxic and non-irritating
compatible with drug
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the different types of bases (include some examples)

A 
Oleaginous bases (fats and oils)
water-soluble or water-miscible bases (glycerinated gelatin, PEG)
Emulsifying bases (witepsol, massupol)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 crystalline forms of theobroma oil? Include their melting points

A

alpha - unstable, MP of 22-24 deg C
beta - stable, MP of 34 - 36 deg C
gamma - unstable, MP of 18 deg C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How long does it take for unstable alpha form to revert to stable beta form if the theobroma oil was heated above 60 deg C

A

several days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How to ensure that we obtain beta crystalline forms of theobroma oil

A

Use low heat of 40-50 deg C and cool slowly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Disadvantages of theobroma oil base

A

melting process must monitor carefully
theobroma oil tends to stick to sides of mould
theobroma oil tends to soften in tropical climate and when substances like volatile oils, phenol, or chloral hydrate are added
more difficult to administer as the oil melts on finger tip
theobroma oil tends to leak out of the orifice.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What alternative bases are able to overcome some of the disadvantages of theobroma oil?

A

Fattibase, suppocire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Will water soluble bases melt?

A

No, they dissolve slowly in biological fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oppositely charged compounds are incompatible with each other: True or False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does gelatin and glycerin impart on the suppository?

A

Gelatin: Hardness
Glycerin: Hydrophilicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Advantages of glycerinated gelatin base?

A

More prolonged drug release (commonly used in pessaries)

more easily inserted (suitable for urethral administration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Disadvantages of glycerinated gelatin bases?

A

Hygroscopic - can lead to dehydrating effect on mucous membrane

Supports the growth of mould

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When the proportion of high MW PEG increases in a suppository base, the resultant base will get ______, resulting in a _______ drug release.

A

Harder, Slower

19
Q

Advantages of PEG bases?

A

higher melting point bases can be formulated for convenient storage, easy insertion and no leakage from orifice

bases of varying solubilities can be formulated to control the rate of drug release

20
Q

Disadvantages of PEG bases?

A

incompatible with phenols (due to H bonds)

hygroscopic

21
Q

What is the volume of rectal fluid?

A

1-3mL, cannot really dissolve suppositories (PEG) very quickly

22
Q

What are the emulsifying agents in witepsol and massupol respectively?

A

Monoglycerides and glyceryl monostearate respectively.

23
Q

advantages of emulsifying bases?

A

not adversely affected by overheating
solidify rapidly at room temperature
does not adhere to mould
non-irritating

24
Q

Disadvantages of emulsifying bases?

A

Unable to release drug very quickly

Rate of drug release is even slower than PEG and Theobroma base

25
Q

Would hand moulding be used for large scale production of suppositories?

A

No, it is only used for small scale production

26
Q

What is a disadvantage of compression moulding?

A

Entrapment of air in the mould leading to underweight suppository

27
Q

Types of packaging for suppositories?

A

Partitioned boxes
screw-capped glass or plastic containers
aluminium foil wrappings
disposable plastic moulds

28
Q

What are potential problems on storage for suppositories?

A

Theobroma oil based suppositories could ‘bloom’ and have a white powdery deposit on the surface.

Fat bases could have elevated melting point due to formation of some crystalline forms.

29
Q

How are suppositories evaluated?

A 
Appearance
uniformity of weight
uniformity of drug content
disintegration time
drug release profile
mechanical strength
melting behaviour
30
Q

Which of the factors for suppository evaluation are requirements of BP?

A

uniformity of weight and disintegration time

31
Q

How is a suppository evaluated for appearance?

A

sliced lengthwise for examination of colour, surface condition, shape, uniformity of mix

32
Q

What is the BP method of uniformity of weight evaluation

A

Take 20 suppositories at random from batch

weigh them individually

Calculate the average weight

This test is not required for moulded suppositories that are required to comply with the test of uniformity of drug content

33
Q

Acceptance criteria for uniform weight of suppository?

A

Not more than 2 individual weights deviate from average weight by more than 5% AND

None deviates by more than 10%

34
Q

Test for uniformity of drug content is used for specific suppositories, how is it tested?

A

Drug is extracted from the base and assayed using appropriate methods

35
Q

How many suppositories are tested separately for the disintegration test?

A

3

36
Q

What are the acceptance criteria for fat-based and water-soluble suppositories?

A

Disintegration 30 min or less for fat based

Disintegration 60 min or less for water soluble

37
Q

What is considered complete disintegration? (3 criterias, satisfying any one is considered complete)

A

Suppository is completely dissolved
Suppository has dispersed into its component parts
suppository has become soft and the mass has no solid core offering resistance to pressure with a glass rod.

38
Q

What are the two methods for determining drug release profiles?

A 
Basket method 
Paddle method (using dialysis membrane)
39
Q

How can we test for mechanical strength of suppository?

A

Suppository should be strong enough to withstand the rigours of normal handling.

strength is determine by the amount of weight required to crush the suppository.

40
Q

What are the two key temperatures to look at the melting behaviour of a suppository?

A

Softening temperature - the temperature at which deformation occurs

Liquefaction temperature - the temperature at which the suppository melts

41
Q

Which temperature test is necessary only for suppositories with oleaginous base?

A

Liquefaction temperature test

42
Q

What are the chain of effects following the insertion of suppository into the rectum?

A

For oleaginous base:
Base melts and spreads on mucous lining, followed by sedimentation, wetting and dissolution of drug.

For emulsifying and PEG bases, the suppositories will dissolve and disperse slowly in the rectal fluid.

43
Q

What is the displacement value of a drug?

A

refers to the number of parts by weight of a drug which displaces one part by weight of a base

This must be considered in the calculation of the amount of base required for a suppository if the drug content is expressed in terms of weight.

Good (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions