Supportive Feeding And Hydration Flashcards
What is inappetence?
A reduction in appetite
What is anorexia?
A complete lack of dietary intake
What are reasons for reduced appetite?
- illness
- nausea
- pain
- depression
- trauma
- concurrent medical conditions
What can a reduced appetite result in?
- reduced immune function
- poor healing
- affects drug metabolism
Factors to consider during supportive feeding?
- if patient has history of anorexia mist be included in nursing plan and highlighted by staff
- critical patients require stabilisation before nutritional intervention
- history of anorexia from 3+ days should be considered
- supportive feeding should not be provided to unstable or recovering patients
The nurses role during supportive feeding?
- ensure the patient receives their daily caloric requirements
- select nutritionally balanced diet to allow RER consumptions in reasonable quantities
- provide adequate nutrition factoring in disease process and dietary requirements
Signs to look for during assessments?
- patients that have been unable or unwilling to eat for 3 days or more require assisted feeding
- BCS3/5 or 5/9 ideal
- recent weight loss more than 10% of body weight
- is it severe cachexia or a paediatric patient
What are the 3 types of supportive nutrition?
Total parenteral nutrition
Partial parenteral nutrition
Enteral nutrition
What is total parenteral nutrition?
- it is a nutritionally balanced solution
- delivered via a central line (intravenous)
- provides both nutrients and calories
What is partial parenteral nutrition?
- delivers part of patients nutrients and calories
- delivered via peripheral intravenous catheters
What is enteral nutrition?
- it is any feeding incorporating the gastrointestinal tract
What must be gathered before providing support?
- understand their normal feeding routine including brand, frequencies and treats
- BCS and up to date weight
- evaluate abilities including temperaments
- actions to prevent or treat nausea
- what diet the patient will be fed and the end goal weight
What is Resting Energy Requirements (RER)?
It ensures the patient receives sufficient calories, calculations are performed based on their weight and decides the quantity they should be fed
What are the 2 RER calculation formulas?
RER(30xBW)+70=kcal/day (patients over 2kg)
RER 70(BW)^0.75=kcal/day (patients under 2kg)
What forms of encouragement can be used?
- normal diets and treats
- change their feeding bowl
- clean any discharge from their face
- use warm or smelly foods
- hand feeding
- put food on lips or paws, little and often
- drugs. Any be prescribed by the vet to stimulate appetite
Factors to consider when syringe feeding?
- not likely to be successful in dogs or cats
- only used on conscious patients
- care to avoid aspiration
- stressful
- short term
- slow administration behind teeth/at diastema and allow to swallow naturally
What are the 6 tube feeding methods?
- naso-oesophageal/naso-gastric
- pharyngeal
- oesophagostomy
- stomach tube
- peg tube
- jejunostomy tube
Factors to consider when using nasal-oesophageal feeding tubes?
- stomach and intestine must be functioning for use
- liquid food syringed into tube
- flushed with water pre and post administration
- placed via nares and ends in oesophagus
- tube must be measured
Factors to consider when using naso-gastric tubes?
- diet selection limited due to width of tubes
- can easily become blocked
- less invasive method