Supporting Metabolism Flashcards
What is VO2?
Volume of oxygen used in the body per minute by metabolism.
VO2 =250ml/min
What is VCO2?
Volume of Carbon dioxide produced in the body per minute by the metabolism
VCO2 = 200ml/min
What is the respiratory Quotient?
What is the RQ at the whole body level?
RQ = VCO2 / VO2
RQ = 0.8 at whole body level
What does metabolism use and produce?
Metabolism uses Oxygen and produces Carbon Dioxide
At the whole body level, at rest, on average what percentage of energy comes from carbohydrates and fats?
At Rest:
Fats RQ - 70%
Carbohydrates RQ - 30%
What are the key concepts with the functions of the respiratory system>
Functions relate to the anatomy.
All cardiac output flows through the pulmonary circulation
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
Gas Exchange
Blood pH control
Removal of blood clots from the circulation
Immune function
Temperature control
Blood reservoir (pulmonary vessels)
Metabolic functions - activate/inactivate stuff
What are the functions of the upper airways?
Filtering - the hairs take out substances which get trapped in the mucous
Warming - Blood in the upper airways acts like a radiator warming the air as it passes through ensuring that the alveoli membranes remain moist and warm.
Humidifying - this changes the pressures and volumes meaning that the membranes can remain moist for longer
Distribution
What are the components of the upper respiratory tract?
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
What are the components of the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea
Primary Bronchi
Lungs
What is the function of the lower airways?
Conducting zone - air conducted through to the gas exchange regions
Respiratory Zone - gas exchange occurs in these regions
What is the importance of the shared walls of the alveoli?
Makes the alveoli more stable.
What is the function of the mucous elevator?
Particles that get down into the alveoli and surpass the filtration mechanisms are able to be moved up the respiratory tract via ciliated cells moving mucous to allow the particles to be later swallowed and removed.
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
Transport - of nutrients and hormones. Gas Exchange Blood pH control Immune function Temperature control Blood reservoir Metabolic functions
What is the relationship between pressure, flow and resistance?
Pressure = flow x resistance
linearity is only true for laminar flow
how does resistance work in the cardiorespiratory system?
Resistance works in both series and parallel.
Series - adding more increases the total resistance
Parallel - adding more decreases the total resistance
What is the equation between pressure and height?
P = height x p(density) x gravity
All pressures are measured relative to atmospheric pressures
What is the difference in pressures in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems?
Respiratory system has low pressures so units are cmH20 or kPa
Cardiovascular system has high pressures so units are mmHg
Where would you measure respiratory pressures?
outside the chest wall (atmospheric pressure)
Inside between the pleural membranes
Inside the alveoli
Inside the airways.
Summarise the concepts of the cardiorespiratory system and supporting metabolism
Primary phsiological role for the cardiorespiratory system is to support metabolism
Organisation and anatomy of the CRS allows it to have multiple other functions
Both systems have branching structures
Flow is determined by the relationship between pressure and resistance
cardiovascular system has a higher resistance and so recorded pressures are greater than in the respiratory system.
