Support systems (Animals)

Question 1

What is the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 1

The axial skeleton is the skull, vertebral column and rib cage.

The appendicular skeleton is everything else (shoulder and pelvic girdle, upper and lower limbs)

Question 2

The skull

Answer 2

• Made up of the cranium and facial bones
• Cranium bones are made of immovable joints
• 5 facial bones (forehead, cheekbones, upper jaw, lower jaw, nasal bones)
• There is a holes on the bottom of the skull for the vertebral column called the foramen magnum. This is surrounded by 2 condyles

Question 3

What is the dental formation?

Answer 3

It is the number of different types of teeth and their arrangement

2. 1.2.3
3. 1.2.3

Question 4

The vertebral column: numbers and types

Answer 4

7 cervical 
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacrum (fused)
4 coccyx (fused)

Question 5

Function of vertebral column

Answer 5

Protects spinal cord
Give flexibility
Gaps allow nerves to enter and leave

Question 6

The rib cage: numbers and types

Answer 6

12 ribs: all connected to a vertebrae

7 true ribs (connected to sternum)
5 false ribs:
- 3 connected to each other then sternum
- 2 are floating ribs

Question 7

Function of rib cage

Answer 7

Protects internal organs

Movement causes increase/decrease of lung volume (helps with breathing)

Question 8

What is the shoulder girdle?

Answer 8

Two scapulae and two clavicles
Scapula = shoulder blade
Clavicle = collarbone
Socket is called the glenoid cavity (for humerus)

Question 9

What is the pelvic girdle?

Answer 9

Two hip bones joined to each other, each hip bone is the ilium, ischium and pubis fused. The socket is called the acetabulum (for femur head)

Question 10

What are the upper limbs?

Answer 10

Humerus = upper arm (ball and socket joint)
Radius (in line with thumb) + ulna = forearm
8 carpals (wrist, gliding joints), 5 metacarpals (palm), 14 phalanges (fingers) = hand

Question 11

What are the lower limbs?

Answer 11

Femur = thigh bone
Fibula + tibia = shin
Patella = knee cap
7 tarsals (gliding joints), 5 metacarpals (heel and feet bones), 14 phalanges (toes) = feet

Question 12

Differences between pelvic and shoulder girdle.

Answer 12

Your shoulder girdle is flexible (scapula aren’t joined, shallow socket) while your pelvic girdle is rigid because it ahs to support your body (halves are joined, attached to vertebrae, socket is deep)

Question 13

Functions of skeleton

Answer 13

MOVEMENT 
PROTECTION 
SUPPORT 
STORAGE 
HEARING - 3 small bones in your ear

Question 14

What do long bones (humerus and femur) look like?

Answer 14

The rounded heads are made of spongy tissue and covered by articulate cartilage. in between them, the shaft, is made of compact tissue but has a cavity with bone marrow. It is covered by endosteum (inside) and periosteum (outside)