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MAMMALIAN TISSUES and SKELETON Gr10 > Support Systems > Flashcards

Support Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is hydrostatic skeleton?

A

body supported by fluid filled structure such as coelom and blood in vessels

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1
Q

Disadv of hydrostatic skeleton?(3)

A
  1. Confine to water areas
  2. Limit movement
  3. limit growth
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2
Q

What is exoskeleton?

A

Hard waxy layer on outside of body made of calcium carbonate and chitin

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3
Q

Adv of exoskeleton(4)?

A
  1. Protect internal organs
  2. provide muscle attachment
  3. waxy cuticle prevent water loss
  4. protect from environment
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4
Q

Disadv of exoskeleton?(3)

A
  1. Moult to grow make vulnerable
  2. Internal breathing surface required
  3. Movement limited to joints
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5
Q

What is endoskeleton?

A

Bone and cartilage structure within body made of calcium salts

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6
Q

Adv of Endoskeleton?(4)

A
  1. Protect internal organs
  2. Provide muscle attachment
  3. grows with animal
  4. support and shape body
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7
Q

Disadv of Endoskeleton(1)?

A
  1. vulnerable to desiccation, heat and cold
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8
Q

Cranial bones(5) and Functions (3)

A

Frontal
occipital
Parietal
temporal
sphenoid

Functions:
Protect sense organs
protect brain
allow for head muscle attachment

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9
Q

Facial bones(4) and functions(4)

A

Nasal bones
Zygomatic arch
Maxilla
mandible

Functions:
Protect sense organs
allow for face muscle attachment
Gives shape to face
opening for food and air

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10
Q

What is foramen Magnum?

A

Opening at base of skull that allows spinal cord to pass through and connect to brain. middle-bipedal
back-quadrupedal

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11
Q

What is articular condyle?

A

Articulating surface on either side of articular condyle to articulate with C1

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12
Q

What is Fontanelle?

A

Membrane filled spaces in brain of baby: head to compress and growth of brain in infancy

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13
Q

What are ear bones called?

A

6- ossicles

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14
Q

How many teeth in adult?

A

32

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15
Q

Centrum function?

A

Absorb shock and support body

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16
Q

Neural arch function?

A

Allow for Vertebral foramen to form

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17
Q

Neural spine function?

A

Attachment of back muscles

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18
Q

Transverse process function?

A

Articulate with ribs and muscles

19
Q

What is spinal canal?

A

Hole through which spinal cord passes and protects

20
Q

Articular surface function?

A

Surface for articulation of tubercle and head of rib and superior articulating surface for vertebra above

21
Q

How to Identify 3 Cervical vertabrea+ how many?

A

7
C1: Atlas- Large spinal canal and no neural spine or centrum
C2: Axis- odontoid process and forked neural spine
Neck vertebrae- forked neural spine and short transverse processes

22
Q

How many Thoracic vertabrea and how to identify?

A

12
Large centrum, Neural spine and transverse section

23
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae and how to identify?

A

5
Large centrum and small neural spine

24
Q

How many sacral and coccygeal vertebrae?

A

sacral 5 fused triangle
coccygeal- 4 fused

25
Q

What are intervertebral discs and function?

A

joins vertebrae by interlocking processes and ligaments
allow movement, extend spine and absorb shock

26
Q

Functions of vertebral column (5)?

A

1.back Muscle attachment
2. movement of head
3. Absorb shock+ sturdy
4. attach ribs
5.protect spinal cord

27
Q

Parts of sternum?

A

Manubrium
body
xiphoid process

28
Q

How do ribs join to sternum?

A

Coastal Hyaline cartilage

29
Q

3 types of ribs in ribcage and how many?

A

7 true ribs
3 false ribs joined to cartilage of rib 7
2 floating ribs that don’t attach to sternum

30
Q

Functions of ribcage?(4)

A
  1. protect organs in thoracic cavity
  2. attachment of muscles
  3. breathing
  4. support upper limbs
31
Q

Bones of pectoral girdle +functions(2)?

A

acromion process
coracoid process
clavicle
scapula

32
Q

Bones of upper limbs(7)?

A

Glenoid Cavity
humorous
Radius
ulna
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges

33
Q

Bones of pelvic girdle+ Functions(3)

A

Ilium
ishium
pubis
pubis symphysis

Functions:
Protect internal organs+ child birth
Attachment of muscles
support for lower limbs

34
Q

Bones of lower limb(9)?

A

acetabulum
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
tarsals
calcaneum
metatarsals
phalanges

35
Q

Functions of skeleton(5)?

A

1.Movement: muscle attachment
2. Protection: internal organs
3. Produce blood in bone marrow
4.support: keep body upright
5. Stores minerals in bones: calcium phosphate/ carbonates

36
Q

Define Joint?

A

occurs where two or more bones meet

37
Q

What is immovable joint and location?

A

fibro cartilage and found in Sutures of cranium and teeth in sockets

38
Q

What is slightly movable joint and location?

A

fibro/ hyaline cartilage and found in intervertebral discs and wad in pubis symphysis

39
Q

What is synovial joint and location?

A

Free movable with joint capsule and synovial fluid
found where most bones meet

40
Q

Diagram of synovial joint(6)

A

joint capsule: Keeps joint together
Synovial membrane: Secretes synovial fluid
synovial fluid: lubricates and prevents friction
ligament: attach bone to bone
Hyaline cartilage: prevent friction and longitudinal growth
bone

41
Q

4 Types of synovial joint and explain?

A

Ball and socket: free movable in all directions: femur and humerus
Pivot: allow bone to rotate: skull on C1
Hinge: bend On one plane (elbow and knee)
Gliding: Bones glide over one another (carpals and tarsals)

42
Q

Explain osteoporosis?

A

calcium deficiency and bone porous and break easily

43
Q

Explain rickets?

A

vitamin D calcium deficiency in children. bones soft and deformed

44
Q

Explain osteoarthritis?

A

Cartilage wear away with age and bones run and nerve pinch= pain

45
Q

Explain Rheumatoid arthritis?

A

inflamed synovial membrane= too much synovial fluid: bone swell deformed= pain

46
Q

Dislocations vs sprain?

A

dislocate is bone moved out of normal position
sprain is ligament stretched beyond limit

MAMMALIAN TISSUES and SKELETON Gr10 (2 decks)

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