Support Systems Flashcards

(47 cards)

1
Q

What is hydrostatic skeleton?

A

body supported by fluid filled structure such as coelom and blood in vessels

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1
Q

Disadv of hydrostatic skeleton?(3)

A
  1. Confine to water areas
  2. Limit movement
  3. limit growth
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2
Q

What is exoskeleton?

A

Hard waxy layer on outside of body made of calcium carbonate and chitin

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3
Q

Adv of exoskeleton(4)?

A
  1. Protect internal organs
  2. provide muscle attachment
  3. waxy cuticle prevent water loss
  4. protect from environment
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4
Q

Disadv of exoskeleton?(3)

A
  1. Moult to grow make vulnerable
  2. Internal breathing surface required
  3. Movement limited to joints
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5
Q

What is endoskeleton?

A

Bone and cartilage structure within body made of calcium salts

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6
Q

Adv of Endoskeleton?(4)

A
  1. Protect internal organs
  2. Provide muscle attachment
  3. grows with animal
  4. support and shape body
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7
Q

Disadv of Endoskeleton(1)?

A
  1. vulnerable to desiccation, heat and cold
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8
Q

Cranial bones(5) and Functions (3)

A

Frontal
occipital
Parietal
temporal
sphenoid

Functions:
Protect sense organs
protect brain
allow for head muscle attachment

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9
Q

Facial bones(4) and functions(4)

A

Nasal bones
Zygomatic arch
Maxilla
mandible

Functions:
Protect sense organs
allow for face muscle attachment
Gives shape to face
opening for food and air

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10
Q

What is foramen Magnum?

A

Opening at base of skull that allows spinal cord to pass through and connect to brain. middle-bipedal
back-quadrupedal

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11
Q

What is articular condyle?

A

Articulating surface on either side of articular condyle to articulate with C1

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12
Q

What is Fontanelle?

A

Membrane filled spaces in brain of baby: head to compress and growth of brain in infancy

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13
Q

What are ear bones called?

A

6- ossicles

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14
Q

How many teeth in adult?

A

32

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15
Q

Centrum function?

A

Absorb shock and support body

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16
Q

Neural arch function?

A

Allow for Vertebral foramen to form

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17
Q

Neural spine function?

A

Attachment of back muscles

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18
Q

Transverse process function?

A

Articulate with ribs and muscles

19
Q

What is spinal canal?

A

Hole through which spinal cord passes and protects

20
Q

Articular surface function?

A

Surface for articulation of tubercle and head of rib and superior articulating surface for vertebra above

21
Q

How to Identify 3 Cervical vertabrea+ how many?

A

7
C1: Atlas- Large spinal canal and no neural spine or centrum
C2: Axis- odontoid process and forked neural spine
Neck vertebrae- forked neural spine and short transverse processes

22
Q

How many Thoracic vertabrea and how to identify?

A

12
Large centrum, Neural spine and transverse section

23
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae and how to identify?

A

5
Large centrum and small neural spine

24
How many sacral and coccygeal vertebrae?
sacral 5 fused triangle coccygeal- 4 fused
25
What are intervertebral discs and function?
joins vertebrae by interlocking processes and ligaments allow movement, extend spine and absorb shock
26
Functions of vertebral column (5)?
1.back Muscle attachment 2. movement of head 3. Absorb shock+ sturdy 4. attach ribs 5.protect spinal cord
27
Parts of sternum?
Manubrium body xiphoid process
28
How do ribs join to sternum?
Coastal Hyaline cartilage
29
3 types of ribs in ribcage and how many?
7 true ribs 3 false ribs joined to cartilage of rib 7 2 floating ribs that don't attach to sternum
30
Functions of ribcage?(4)
1. protect organs in thoracic cavity 2. attachment of muscles 3. breathing 4. support upper limbs
31
Bones of pectoral girdle +functions(2)?
acromion process coracoid process clavicle scapula
32
Bones of upper limbs(7)?
Glenoid Cavity humorous Radius ulna carpals metacarpals phalanges
33
Bones of pelvic girdle+ Functions(3)
Ilium ishium pubis pubis symphysis Functions: Protect internal organs+ child birth Attachment of muscles support for lower limbs
34
Bones of lower limb(9)?
acetabulum femur patella tibia fibula tarsals calcaneum metatarsals phalanges
35
Functions of skeleton(5)?
1.Movement: muscle attachment 2. Protection: internal organs 3. Produce blood in bone marrow 4.support: keep body upright 5. Stores minerals in bones: calcium phosphate/ carbonates
36
Define Joint?
occurs where two or more bones meet
37
What is immovable joint and location?
fibro cartilage and found in Sutures of cranium and teeth in sockets
38
What is slightly movable joint and location?
fibro/ hyaline cartilage and found in intervertebral discs and wad in pubis symphysis
39
What is synovial joint and location?
Free movable with joint capsule and synovial fluid found where most bones meet
40
Diagram of synovial joint(6)
joint capsule: Keeps joint together Synovial membrane: Secretes synovial fluid synovial fluid: lubricates and prevents friction ligament: attach bone to bone Hyaline cartilage: prevent friction and longitudinal growth bone
41
4 Types of synovial joint and explain?
Ball and socket: free movable in all directions: femur and humerus Pivot: allow bone to rotate: skull on C1 Hinge: bend On one plane (elbow and knee) Gliding: Bones glide over one another (carpals and tarsals)
42
Explain osteoporosis?
calcium deficiency and bone porous and break easily
43
Explain rickets?
vitamin D calcium deficiency in children. bones soft and deformed
44
Explain osteoarthritis?
Cartilage wear away with age and bones run and nerve pinch= pain
45
Explain Rheumatoid arthritis?
inflamed synovial membrane= too much synovial fluid: bone swell deformed= pain
46
Dislocations vs sprain?
dislocate is bone moved out of normal position sprain is ligament stretched beyond limit