Support System in Animals

Question 1

3 types of skeletons

Answer 1

Hydrostatic skeletons
Exoskeletons
Endoskeletons

Question 2

Axial (4)

Answer 2

Cranium
Sternum
Ribcage
Spinal couloumn

Question 3

Appendicular (2)

Answer 3

Shoulder girdle
Pelvic girdle

Question 4

Order of spinal bones
(top to bottom)

Answer 4

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx

Question 5

Atlas

Answer 5

nodding (1st vertebrae)

Question 6

Axis

Answer 6

Rotating (2nd vertebrae)

Question 7

Discs

Answer 7

bending of spine and shock absorption

Question 8

Spinal cords

Answer 8

collection of nerves, connects brain to rest of body

Question 9

Base of spine

Answer 9

Fused vertebrae

Question 10

Fibrous joints

Answer 10

are immovable, for example the
joints between the bones of
the skull. These joints are
called sutures

Question 11

Synovial joints

Answer 11

allow free movement,
for example the knee
and elbow joints.

Question 11

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 11

are slightly movable, for
example the joints, or discs,
between the vertebrae.

Question 12

Synovial Joints:
Ball-and-socket

Answer 12

Ball-and-socket
Allows movement in all
directions e.g. shoulder and
hip

Question 13

Synovial Joints:
Hinge

Answer 13

Movement in one direction
(plane) only e.g. elbow &
knee

Question 14

Synovial Joints:
Pivot

Answer 14

One bone pivots on another
e.g. joint between atlas and
axis

Question 15

Synovial Joints:
Gliding/Sliding

Answer 15

Flat surface of one bone
glides across surface of bone
next to it e.g. ankle and wrist

Question 16

antagonistic pairs

Answer 16

Muscles always work in antagonistic pairs to bring about movement; work against one another, when one muscle contracts,
the other muscle relaxes

Question 17

3 roles of joints in movement

Answer 17

1)Where 2 or more bones come together.
2)Allow body to perform range of movement in different directions.
3)Prevent friction between ends of bones during movement.

Question 18

2 roles of tendons in movement

Answer 18

1) Attach muscles to bone and pull on bones.
2) Function – to ensure that the force produced by the contraction of muscles is
transmitted to part of body to be moved.

Question 19

4 roles of ligaments in movement

Answer 19

1) Hold bones together at joint.
2) Ligaments control direction and extent to which joint can move.
3) Prevent dislocation of joints by holding joint capsule in place.
4) Dislocation – when bones slip out of their proper alignment in joint