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CSO exam 2023 > Supplements > Flashcards

Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

Ginger

A

May help N/D, gas, heartburn, anorexia
Antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties
May interfere with anticoagulants

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2
Q

Up to __ g ginger/day is considered safe per the FDA

A

4g/day
1000mg fried ginger/day = safe (< 1500 mg for N)

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3
Q

Major bioactive component in fresh ginger

A

Gingerols

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4
Q

Ginko Biloba

A

May inhibit proliferation of cancer cells
May increase bleeding risk - interfere with anticoagulants/antiseizure meds

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5
Q

When to discourage use of Ginko Biloba

A

with alkylating agents, antitumor antibiotics, and platinum analogues due to free radical scavenging effects

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6
Q

Glutamine

A

May reduce inflammatory side effects from treatment
Plays a role in maintaining intestinal mucosal barrier
May interact with antiseizure meds
Depleted with stress (surgery, cancer, sepsis)

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7
Q

Glutamine is converted to

A

Ammonia - may decrease the effectiveness of lactulose

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8
Q

Glutamine is contraindicated with

A

those taking lactulose and antiseizure medications

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9
Q

Green tea

A

hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anticancer, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antiviral, hypoglycemia effects

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10
Q

Green tea is discouraged with

A

erlotinib + pazopanib due to possible effects on cytochrome P450 1AZ isozome induction

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11
Q

Polyphenols are mainly composed of

A

Catechins
Major polyphenol = epogallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)

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12
Q

Garlic

A

Known for its allium compounds
May stimulate apoptosis and help regular cell cycles
May interfere with some prescription drugs including saquinavir and antiplatelet medications

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13
Q

N-acetylcysteine

A

Stimulates glytathione synthesis and scavenges for free radicals
Antioxidant properties
Prevents nuclear KB activation, which increases inflammatory response

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14
Q

N-acetylcysteine dose amount

A

600-1800 mg doses daily
Most side effects when > 9g/day is used

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15
Q

Melatonin

A

May increase risk of bleeding
1-5 mg/day for insomnia, up to 20 mg/day for anticancer effects

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16
Q

Omega 3 fatty acids

A

Cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory
EPA and DHA may increase bleeding risk if taken in high doses - up to 3g/day = safe (up to 4 g if monitored by MD)

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17
Q

Quercetin

A

May be beneficial in patients at risk for hemachromatosis
can bind with iron, which can decrease iron bioavailability

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18
Q

Quercetin found in

A

Citrus fruits, apples, onions, parsley, tea

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19
Q

Quercetin can cause

A

Flushing, sweating, N/V, dyspnea

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20
Q

Reishi mushroom used for

A

Prevent aging, enhance immune system, HTN, HLD, viral infections, cancer, inflammatory disease, cardiovascular disease, DM

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21
Q

Reishi mushroom safety

A

Possible unsafe when used > 1 mo
May increase bleeding risk when combined in high dose (>/= 3mg) with anticoagulant medications

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22
Q

Resveratrol

A

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, antiprolferative
Has been reported to cause cell arrest, promote apoptosis, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation

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23
Q

Resveratrol safety

A

Has antiplatelet effects, so could cause excessive bleeding with blood thinning medications

24
Q

Resveratrol food sources

A

The root of the knotweed, grapes (black > red/green, especially the skins)

25
Q

Selenium serves as a cofactor for

A

Glutathione peroxidase - an enzyme of the antioxidant defense system

26
Q

Excessive selenium can cause

A

Acute toxicity including N/V, abd pain, dermatitis, nail changes, fatigue, irritability, alopecia, impaired endocrine function, neurotoxicity, wt loss

27
Q

Selenium tolerable upper limit

A

400 mcg/day

28
Q

Preferred form of selenium

A

Selenomethionine

29
Q

Silymarin

A

Extract of milk thistle
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, liver protective, anticancer

30
Q

Allergic reactions for silymarin > _____ mg/day

A

> 1500 mg/day

31
Q

Caution silymarin with

A

Tamoxifen

32
Q

Why are clinical applications limited with silymarin?

A

It is water soluble - poor absorbance
Combine with Silybin _ phosphatidylochline (PC) for enhanced bioavailability

33
Q

St. John’s Wart

A

Used for pain
May interact with many medications, including Warfarin
Increases cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, resulting in lower plasma levels of drugs that are CYP 3A4 substrates
AVOID with all concurrent chemo

34
Q

Theanine is found in

A

Tea and mushrooms

35
Q

Theanine

A

Antioxidant
May enhance efficacy of Doxorubicin and Idarubicin
May reduce BP

36
Q

Theanine common dose

A

200-400 mg/day or BID with a max dose of 1200 mg

37
Q

Turkey tail mushroom/Yun zhi

A

Bioactive component from the cultured mycelia including the protein bound polysaccharide-K (PSK) and polysaccharopeptide (PSP)
Antimicrobial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, antitumor

38
Q

Turkey tail mushroom/Yun zhi common dose

A

3 mg/day

39
Q

Vit D

A

Fat soluble
Anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, bone protective, anticancer
Replicates genes that influence cell proliferation and apoptosis

40
Q

Vit D toxicity can result in

A

Hypercalcemia

41
Q

Upper intake level of vit D

A

4000 IU/day

42
Q

Vit D maintenance blood level

A

40-60 ng/mL (up to 100 ng/mL is safe)

43
Q

Aloe

A

May be useful for constipation
May delay radiation dermatitis

44
Q

A-lipoic acid

A

Cellular antioxidant improved for energy production
Improved insulin sensitivity/DM management
Aids with HTN
May mitigate radiation damage
May reduce symptoms of neurotoxicity
Inhibits growth of breast, colon, lung, liver, and pancreatic cancer cells
Fat and water soluble

45
Q

A-lipoic acid dietary sources

A

Spinach, broccoli, brewers yeast

46
Q

Black cohosh

A

Suppresses symptoms associated with menopause (hot flashes) and cancer treatment
may interfere with the biological activity of atorvastatin, azathioprine, and cyclosporine

47
Q

Coenzyme Q10

A

Fat soluble
Structurally similar to menaquinone (K2)
May have procoagulant effects, influencing the efficacy of Warfarin

48
Q

Coenzyme Q10 causes

A

Mild GI side effects (N/V/D)

49
Q

Coenzyme Q10 levels _____ with aging

A

Decline

50
Q

Curcumin

A

Found naturally in tumeric
May inhibit growth of cancer cells
May prolong activated patyial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time

51
Q

Curcumin supplements are combined with

A

Piperine (in black pepper) to improve absorption

52
Q

3,3 Diindolylmethane (DIM) and indole-3-carbinol (I3C)

A

Found in cruciferous vegetables
Proposed chemoprevention for breast and lung SCC

53
Q

Flaxseed

A

Excellent source of a-linolenic acid
Rich in ligans
Provides soluble and insoluble fibers
May affect absorption of some medications

54
Q

Flaxseed may cause

A

N/D, gas
Possible contraindicated in those with IBD

55
Q

Flaxseed:meds relationship timing

A

Meds should be taken 1-2 hours before/after consuming flaxseed to reduce effects on drug absorption

56
Q

Flaxseed dose

A

1-2 tbsp/day = safe

CSO exam 2023 (2 decks)

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