Superpowers

Question 1

Superpower

Answer 1

A nation with the ability to project its influence anywhere in the world and be a dominant global force

Question 2

Hyperpower

Answer 2

An unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power

Question 3

Blue water navy

Answer 3

One which can deploy into the open ocean ie with large ships. Many smaller nations only have a green water navy designed to patrol littoral waters

Question 4

Diplomacy

Answer 4

The negotiation and decision-making that takes place between nations as part of international relations leading to international agreements and treaties

Question 5

Ideology

Answer 5

A set of beliefs values and opinions held by the majority of people in a society. These determine what is considered normal or acceptable behaviour. Superpowers project their ideology on others. In the case of the USA this includes “western values” of free speech individual liberty free market economics and consumerism

Question 6

Geo-strategic policies

Answer 6

Policies that attempt to meet the global and regional policy aims of a country by combining diplomacy with the movement and positioning of military assets

Question 7

Cold War

Answer 7

A period of tension between ideological rival superpowers the capitalist USA and communist USSR that lasted from 1945 to 1990. It was also the period when nuclear weapons and systems to deliver them were perfect adding to the tension

Question 8

Colonial

Answer 8

Colonial control refers to the direct control exerted over territories conquered by mainly European powers in the period 1600-1900. They were ruled by force with almost no power or influence being given to the original population

Question 9

Acculturation

Answer 9

A process of cultural change that takes place when two different cultures meet and interact; it includes the transfer of a dominant cultures ideas on to a subordinate culture

Question 10

Sphere of influence

Answer 10

The geographical area over which a powerful country can assert its authority

Question 11

Dependency

Answer 11

In the context of economic development it means that the progress of a developing country is influenced by economic cultural and political forces that are controlled by developing countries

Question 12

Free trade

Answer 12

The exchange of goods and services free of import/export taxes and tariffs or quotas on trade volume. Taxes tariffs and quotas are forms of protectionism designed to make imports more expensive than locally produced goods.

Question 13

Inter-governmental organisations

Answer 13

Regional or global organisations whose members are nation states. They uphold treaties and international law as well as allowing cooperation on issues such as trade economic policies human rights conservation and military operations

Question 14

Brand value or brand equity

Answer 14

The value of a brand measured using metrics such as market share customer opinion of the brand and brand loyalty

Question 15

Sanction

Answer 15

These can be diplomatic such as ordering staff at a foreign embassy home or economic such as banning trade between countries. Military sanctions ban trade in weapons and military cooperation while sporting sanctions can be used to prevent a country taking part in global sporting events. The aim is to force a country back to the negotiating table without using military force

Question 16

Nutrition transition

Answer 16

A change in diet from staple carbohydrates towards protein dairy products and fat. It often includes eating more processed food. It occurs as people transition from rural poverty to being urban mc workers

Question 17

Exclusive economic zone

Answer 17

The area of ocean extending 200 nautical miles beyond the coastline over which a nation controls the sea and sub-sea resources. EEZ boarders are decided by the UN in the event of a dispute

Question 18

Sphere of influence

Answer 18

A physical region over which a country believes it has economic military cultural or political rights. Spheres of influence extend beyond the boarders of the country and represent a region where the country believes it has a right to influence the policies of other countries

Question 19

Arab spring

Answer 19

A series of pro-democracy pro-human rights civil uprising in 2011 that affected Syria Tunisia Libya Egypt Bahrain and Iran. Some governments were overthrown but in most cases protracted followed the uprisings

Question 20

Economic restructuring

Answer 20

The shift from primary and secondary industry towards tertiary and quaternary industry as a result of deindustrialisation. It has large social and economic costs