Human Rights Flashcards
Deprivation
When a individuals wellbeing and quality of life fall below a level regarded as a reasonable minimum. Measuring deprivation usually relies on indicators relating to employment housing health and education
Totalitarian regime
A system of government that is centralised and dictatorial; it requires complete subservience to the state with control being in the hands of elites. These may be the military or powerful families or tribes. For some totalitarian and authoritarian are taken to mean more or less the same thing
Development gap
The widening income and prosperity gap between the global haves of the developed world and the have nots of the developing world especially the least developed countries
Democracy
Countries with a system of government in which power is either held by regularly elected representatives or directly by the people
Land reform
Most often this involves the redistribution of property and agricultural land as result of government-initiated or government-backed actions
Maternal mortality
The death of a women while pregnant or within 42 days from the end of the pregnancy
Bilateral aid
Aid that is delivered on a one-to-one basis between a donor and a recipient country
Multilateral aid
Aid given by donor countries to international aid organisations such as the World Bank or Oxfam. These organisations distribute the aid to what they deem to be deserving causes
Official development assistance
A term used by the OECD to measure aid. If is widely used as an indicator of flows of international aid. Flows are transfers of resources either in cash or in the form of commodities or services
Land grabbing
A contentious issue involving the acquisition of large areas of land in developing countries by domestic and transnational companies governments and individuals. In some instances land is simply taken over and not paid for
Rendition
The practice of sending a foreign criminal or terrorist suspect covertly to be interrogated in a country where there is less concern about the humane treatment of prisoners
Economic miracle
An informal term commonly used to refer to a period of dramatic and fast economic development that is unexpectedly strong
Emergency aid
Rapid assistance given by organisations or governments to people in immediate distress following natural or man-made disasters. The aim is to relieve suffering and the aid includes such things as food and water temporary housing and medical help
Ebola
A highly contagious and fatal disease spread through contact with body fluids infected by a filovirus. Its symptoms are fever and severe internal bleeding. The host species of the virus has not been confirmed but fruit bats and primates have been implicated
