Superpowers Flashcards
Superpower
A nation with the ability to project its influence anywhere in the world and be a dominant global force
Hyperpower
An unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power
Emerging powers
Countries whose power is increasing, they usually have some strengths but also weaknesses in some areas in comparison with a superpower
Regional power
A country that leads on a continental scale
Pillars of power
5 key areas of power that determine the relative superpower status of different countries and enable them to become a superpower
Hard power
Getting results, it is risky and very expensive, involves direct military action and threats of force, e.g. sanctions
Soft power
Low in cost, more about having a respected culture, values and policies that can have power over countries by creating relations and alliances
Strategic alliances
Military alliances between developing nations and superpowers make the developing nation dependent on military aid and equipment from the superpower
TNC investment
Investment from abroad may create jobs and wealth, but be dependent on the receiving country following ‘friendly policies
Terms of trade
Low commodity export prices contrast with high prices for imported goods from developed countries, inhibiting development, e.g. trade blocs
Unipolar
One hyperpower maintaining control everywhere all the time
Bipolar
Two hyperpowers having influence on the whole world
Multipolar
Power is distributed across at least 3 significant countries
Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory
Argures that the world is divided into two, the rich and the poor
Dependancy Theory
Developing countries remain dependent on wealthier nations
Modernisation Theory
Economic modernisation occurs in 5 stages:
1) The traditional society
2) Pre-conditions for take off
3) Take off
4) The drive to maturity
5) High mass consumption
World Trade Organisation
Regulates global trade
International Monetary Fund
Promotes international economic cooperation, trade and employment
The World Bank
Formed to finance economic development
World Economic Forum
Promotes globalisation and free trade via its annual meeting at DAVOS, which brings together the global business and polite elite
United Nations
Set up in 1945 to prevent war and settle disputes
UN Security Council
The primary mechanism for maintaining international peace and security
Intergovernmental Organisations
Promote global peace and security as they can create a system where the world’s people can work together on international issues
International Court of Justice
Settles disputes between UN member countries and advises on international law
UN Framework Convention Climate Change
The annual UN climate conferences aim to make progress in managing climate change
- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change are important in informing the debate on global warming
