Superpowers

Question 1

superpower

Answer 1

a nation with the ability to project its influence anywhere in the world and be a dominant global force

Question 2

hyperpower

Answer 2

an unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of political, economic, cultural and military power. e.g. USA 1990-2010, Britain 1850-1910

Question 3

emerging superpowers

Answer 3

nations whose economic, military and political influence is already large and growing

Question 4

regional powers

Answer 4

nations with the ability to project its influence at a continental scale

Question 5

blue water navy

Answer 5

a navy which can deploy into the open oceans with large ocean going ships

Question 6

green water navy

Answer 6

a navy designed to patrol littoral waters close to the nations coastline

Question 7

diplomacy

Answer 7

the negotiation and decision-making that takes place between nations as part of international relations, leading to international agreements and treaties

Question 8

ideology

Answer 8

a set of beliefs, values and opinions held by the majority of people in a society that determine normal or acceptable behavior and can be projected on other nations

Question 9

geo-strategic policies

Answer 9

policies that attempt to meet the global and regional policy aims of a country by combining diplomacy with the movement and positioning of military assets

Question 10

unipolar world

Answer 10

a world dominated by one superpower e.g. British Empire

Question 11

bipolar world

Answer 11

a world where two superpowers with opposing ideologies compete for power

Question 12

multi polar world

Answer 12

a world where many superpowers and emerging powers compete for power in different regions

Question 13

cold war

Answer 13

a period of tension between ideologically rival superpowers of capitalist USA and communist USSR lasting from 1945-1990 with rising tensions due to the advancement and threat of nuclear weapons

Question 14

colonial period

Answer 14

the direct control exerted over territories conquered mainly by European powers in the period 1600-1900 ruled by force and suppression of indigenous powers

Question 15

acculturation

Answer 15

a process of cultural change occurring when two different cultures meet and interact where the dominant culture will transfer onto the subordinate culture

Question 16

sphere of influence

Answer 16

the geographical area over which a powerful country can assert its authority

Question 17

hegemony

Answer 17

dominance of a superpower over other countries e.g. USA military hegemony in 2014 with $581 billion spending

Question 18

dependency

Answer 18

progress of an economically developing country is influenced by economic, cultural and political forces controlled by developed countries

Question 19

free trade

Answer 19

the exchange of goods and services free of import/export taxes and tariffs or quotas on trade volume to avoid protectionism

Question 20

protectionism

Answer 20

protection of local producers by implementing taxes, tariffs and quotas to make imports more expensive than locally produced goods

Question 21

free trade

Answer 21

the exchange of goods and services free of import/export taxes and tariff quotas on trade volume

Question 22

IGOs

Answer 22

regional or global organisations whose members are nation states. they uphold treaties and international law, as well as allowing cooperation on issues such as trade, economic policy, human rights, conservation and military policy

Question 23

brand value/ brand equity

Answer 23

the value of a brand measured using metrics such as market share, customer opinion of the brand and brand loyalty

Question 24

sanctions

Answer 24

diplomatic, economic, military and sporting sanctions applied to countries for reasons of security risk, terrorism, breaching human rights or invading another state

Question 25

middle class

Answer 25

people with discretionary income that can be disposed on consumer goods and holidays. those with an annual income over $10,000

Question 26

nutrition transition

Answer 26

change in died from staple carbohydrates to protein, dairy and fat including more processed food from rural to urban transitions

Question 27

staple foods

Answer 27

carbohydrates relied on in large quantity and eaten regularly such as potatoes, wheat, maize and rice. stable supply at affordable prices is needed for food security

Question 28

rare earth minerals

Answer 28

group of metal elements used in communication, medical, laser and hi-tech technology. they are hard to extract, costly and limited in supply

Question 29

exclusive economic zone

Answer 29

area of ocean extending 200 nautical miles beyond the coastline or to edge of continental shelf over whoch a nation controls the sea and sub-sea resources

Question 30

intellectual property

Answer 30

creations of the mind that are protected by law through patents, copyright and trademarks

Question 31

sphere of influence

Answer 31

a physical region over which a country believes it has economic, military, cultural or political rights extending beyond the continental borders representing a region it believes it has a right to influence policies of other countries

Question 32

arab spring

Answer 32

a series of pro-democracy, pro-human rights civil uprisings in 2011 in syria, tunisia, libya, egypt, bahrain and iran where some governments were overthrown but most experienced political instability following the uprisings

Question 33

ISIS Islamic State

Answer 33

a jihadist terrorist organisation that rose to prominence in 2013 during the syrian civil war, occupying parts of the Middle East and carrying out worldwide terrorist attacks