Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > Coasts Case Studies > Flashcards

Coasts Case Studies Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

what rock type is found at Studland Bay

A

soft Bagshot and Kimmeridge clay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what rock type is found at Swanage Bay

A

Wealdon clay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what features are found at Studland and Swanage Bay

A

depositional beaches and sand dunes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what rock type is Ballard Point

A

mechanically strong sedimentary chalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what feature is found at Ballard Point

A

Old Harry rocks cave-arch-stack-stump sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what rock type is Durlston Head

A

lower Portland and Purbeck limestone that is jointed and interbedded with soft mudstones and marls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how is Durdle Door formed

A

limestone strata is vertical due to folding and eroded by a cave-arch-stack-stump sequence which exposed the softer Wealdon clay behind, eroded at a faster rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how is Lulworth Crumple formed

A

Portland limestone was eroded to expose less resistant Wealdon clay also eroded by soil creep and slumping to expose limestone cliffs with strata folding due to tectonic activity 30 million years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how are Lulworth Crumple and Worbarrow Bay formed

A

portland limestone is breached due to strata folding, wealden clay is eroded to expose chalk cliffs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how is Kimmeridge Bay formed

A

Kimmeridge clay strata is interbedded by mudstones, shales and dolomites, clay has an inland dip, eroded as a wave cut sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what rock type and features are Flamborough Head

A

Hard chalk with vertical joints forming caves and geos and horizontal bedding planes forming wave cut sequences. forms a headland with cave-arch-stack-stump sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what rock type and features are found at Holderness Cliffs

A

saturated boulder clay with slip planes and a seaward slump causes rotational slumping. lsd means there is little buffer of a beach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the inputs to the Holderness sediment cell

A

boulder clay retreating at 1.8m/year inputs fine clay at cliff foot
Flamborough Head is eroded by wave refraction inputting chalk sediment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how much sediment is transported by longshore drift

A

500,000 tonnes of sediment is suspended and transported by lsd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how long is Spurn Head spit and how much is it growing by annually

A

6km long, growing by 10cm/year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is found behind Spurn Head causing wave energy to decrease

A

Humber Estuary and estuarine mudflats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the negative feedback loops of he Holderness sediment cell

A

cliff collapse from erosion will protect the cliff base from wave attack
erosion of Spurn Head forms an offshore bar that reduces wave energy and allows the spit to grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the positive feedback loops of the Holderness sediment cell

A

storms erode beach material meaning there is no cliff base protection
rising sea levels will increase erosion rate of Spurn Head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what hard engineering was implemented at Mappleton

A

rock armour and 2 rock groynes costing £2 million

20
Q

how much is Mappleton village valued at

A

£650,000

21
Q

how did hard engineering at Hornsea affect Mappleton

A

increased cliff erosion by 4m/year as beaches were starved

22
Q

what hard engineering was implemented at Mappleton

A

sea wall groynes and rock armour

23
Q

what hard engineering was implemented at Withernsea

A

recurved sea wall and rock armour costing £6.3 million

24
Q

how did hard engineering at Mappleton affect Cowden

A

cliff erosion rate increased from 2.5m/year to 3.8m/year

25
Q

what is Hornsea Mere

A

a SSSI and bird habitat

26
Q

what could the affect of erosion be at Holderness by 2025

A

160 acres of grade 3-4 land lost and 37 homes destroyed

27
Q

why is Easington protected

A

natural gas terminal handling 25% North Sea production

28
Q

what hard engineering has been implemented at Easington

A

£4.5 million revetment of rock armour

29
Q

what policy is used at Spurn Head

A

do nothing leading to loss of community and coastguard station

30
Q

who are the stakeholders for the Oshida ICZM

A

oshida tourism dep., greenpeace India, the central gov and local gov, disaster management authority

31
Q

how much mangrove forest is at Oshida

A

1435km2

32
Q

why else should oshida be protected

A

mineral deposits, aquaculture employment, tidal and wind energy

33
Q

how is oshida being managed

A

managed retreat with eco-tourism, replanting mangroves and cyclone shelters

34
Q

how much did the Aswan Dam reduce sediment volume in the Nile by

A

from 130million tonnes/year to 15million tonnes/year

35
Q

how much did nile delta erosion rates increase by

A

20m/year to 200m/year

36
Q

how much of egypts population live within the Nile Delta

A

1/4

37
Q

what is the importance of nile delta agriculture

A

responsible for 60% food and 12% GDP

38
Q

how is the coastline being starved

A

reduced sediment volume due to the dam and dredging of the river

39
Q

what were the primary impacts of the 1953 storm surge

A

40,000 homeless
160,000 acres farmland flooded
320,000 evacuated
2500 killed

40
Q

what were the primary impacts of the 2013 storm surge

A

15 killed
100,000 homes lost power
insured losses of £1.4-1.9 billion

41
Q

what were the physical characteristics of the 2013 storm surge

A

winds of 140mph
5.8m surge

42
Q

how was the area prepared for the 2013 storm surge

A

800,000 properties were protected
forecasting, warning and evacuation
coastal flood defences

43
Q

how many have died as a result of storm surges in bangladesh

A

500,000 since 1970

44
Q

why is Bangladesh vulnerable to storm surges

A

60% is low-lying
deforestation of mangroves
increased river discharge
vulnerable agricultural economy

45
Q

why is tuvalu vulnerable to sea level rise

A

highest point of the islands is 5m above sea level
11,500 population
<1000 tourists/year
collapse of the greenland ice sheet could raise global sea level by 5m

46
Q

why is the maldives vulnerable to sea level rise

A

higherst point of the islands is 2.3m
340,000 population
sea level of 50cm would see a loss of 77% of land
97% of inhabitants at risk
1 million annual tourists
40% less tuna catches
shortage of fresh water

Geography (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions