Superpowers Flashcards
What is a superpower
A nation or organisation with the means to project its power ad influence as a dominant global force
What are the superpower attributes
- Military strength
- Political strength
- Economic Strength
- Cultural strength
- Demographic
- Access to resources
What is hard power
- Using military and economic influences E.g Sanctions and war
What is soft power
- Using more political and cultural influences
Give 2 examples of regional powers
- China
- Usa
What are geo-strategic policies
Securing needed resources both within the country and globally
Outline Mackinder’s ‘Heartland’ theory
- Eastern part of the world has the most resources so whoever controls the eastern part of the world, Controls the ‘heartland’ (The World).
- Meant they could control who and where the resources would go to
What is a uni-polar world
- One superpower controlling the world
- E.g British Empire
What is a Bipolar world
- Two super powers against each other each one with supporting countries
- E.g Russia and USA Cold war
What is a multi-polar world
Lots of superpowers, each helping and trading with each other
Case study Cold War
- What happened and between who
- Russia and USA
- 45 year standoff where both countries constantly threatened each other, becoming greater global superpowers throughout.
- Spread military bases worldwide
- Caused world to divide and align with either of the two countries through a period of multifaceted indirect control
What is Hegemony
- Form of power gained trough consent
- Superpower exerting dominance over another country and therefore gaining more power
What brought the colonial era to an end
- War = WWI + WWII and Cold War
- Atlantic charter = Gives every nation the right to rule themselves
- Empires losing power and stability
What is Neo-colonialism
- Use of economic, political, cultural or other pressures to control other countries
name 2 emerging powers
- Japan
- Mexico
What is the G20
- IGO made up of 19 countries + the EU
- Works to address major issues related to global economy
- E.g International financial stability, Climate change, Sustainable development
Describe the main strengths and weaknesses of Russia as an emerging power
+ Natural resources
+ Military and nuclear power is strong
+ Large international Role
- Ageing/ Declining population
- Energy dependancy
- Corruption
-Unstable government
Outline Roster’s modernisation theory
5 Stages of economic development:
1) Traditional society
2) Pre-conditions for takeoff
3) Take off
4) Drive to maturity
5) High mass consumption
- Countries modernised at takeoff stage
- Developed in 1950’s and 60’s
Outline Frank’s dependancy theory
- Developed in the 60’s, 70’s and 80’s
- Blames relative underdevelopment of LIC’s and NEE’s on exploitation by HIC’s.
- First through colonisation and then through Neo-colonialism
- Every level of developing society is exploited by nearest urban area and nearest urban areas exploited by MEDC’s Metropolis
What is a core region
- A country that manufactures goods
What is a periphery region
- Country that produces food and raw materials
- E.g Mexico, Brazil
What is Free-market Capitalism
- A free market where there are no sanctions on the market
Why has free-market capitalism become the increasingly dominant economic system
- Enables private ownership of a lot of things
- The right to make a profit and accumulate any amount of wealth
- Enables buying and selling of goods in a competitive free market with limited restrictions
Name 3 IGO’s
- IMF
- World Bank
- WEF
