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Gross Anatomy II Exam I PCC > SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURES OF THE NECK > Flashcards

SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURES OF THE NECK Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin of the Platysma?

A
  • superficial fascia over the pectoralis major

- deltoid muscles

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2
Q

What is the insertion of the Platysma?

A
  • lower border of the mandible

- the angle of the mouth

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3
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Platysma?

A

cervical branch of the facial nerve (C.N. VII)

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4
Q

What is the function of the Platysma?

A
  • depresses the mandible

- draws down the corner of the mouth

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5
Q

What is the origin of the Sternocleidomastoid?

A
  • sternal head from the front of the manubrium

- clavicular head from the medial third of the clavicle

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6
Q

What is the insertion of the Sternocleidomastoid?

A
  • lateral surface of mastoid process

- lateral half of the superior nuchal line

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7
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Sternocleidomastoid?

A

accessory nerve (C.N. XI)

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8
Q

What is the function of the Sternocleidomastoid?

A

chief flexor of the head

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9
Q

Describe torticollis

A

Pathalogical contraction of the Sternocleidomastoid characterized by the head being tilted toward and the face is turned away from the affected side.

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10
Q

What are the three types of Torticollis?

A

Congenital torticollis: results from a fibrous tissue tumor which develops at or shortly before birth.
Muscular torticollis: due to injury
Spasmodic torticollis: occurs in adults and is due to abnormal tonicity of SCM.

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11
Q

What is the origin of the Trapezius?

A
  • external occipital protuberance
  • ligamentum nuchae
  • spinous processes of the seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebrae
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12
Q

What is the insertion of the trapezius?

A
  • lateral third of the clavicle
  • spine of the scapula
  • acromion process
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13
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Trapezius?

A
  • accessory nerve (CN XI)

- C3-4 from the cervical plexus

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14
Q

What is the function of the Trapezuis?

A
  • upper portion elevates the scapula
  • middle portion retracts the scapula
  • lower portion depresses the scapula
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15
Q

What is the Scapulohumeral Rhythm?

A

The coordination between the muscles that rotate the scapula and abduct the humerus

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16
Q

What does the external jugular vein drain?

A
  • face
  • scalp
  • large amount of cerebral blood
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17
Q

What joins to form the external jugular vein? Where do they join?

A
  • Retromandibular Vein
  • Posterior Articular Vein
  • Join just below the parotid gland
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18
Q

Where does the external jugular vein run?

A

downward and backward along the lateral surface of the sternocleidomastoid

19
Q

What are the tributaries of the external jugular vein?

A
  • retromandibular vein
  • posterior auricular vein
  • posterior external jugular vein
  • anterior jugular vein
  • transverse cervical vein
  • suprascapular vein
20
Q

Prominent External Jugular Vein

A

Congestive heart failure or an obstruction of the superior vena cava will cause the External jugular vein to become prominent topographically.
Opera singers and bagpipe players may develop prominent external jugular veins due to the increase in intrathoracic pressure while they sing/play instruments.

21
Q

Where are superficial cervical lymph nodes found?

A

Along the external jugular vein, superficial to the sternocleidomastoid.

22
Q

Where is the Hyoid bone located?

A

between the mandible and the larynx

23
Q

Does the hyoid bone articulate with any bones?

A

NO

24
Q

Name the three parts of the hyoid bone

A

Body
Greater horn
Lesser horn

25
Q

What are the four infrahyoid muscles?

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

26
Q

Which infrahyoid muscles make up the superficial layer of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Omohyoid and sternohyoid

27
Q

Which infrahyoid muscles make up the deep layer of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

28
Q

What is the origin of Omohyoid?

A

The inferior belly of omohyoid originates from the upper border of the scapula. It ends in an intermediate tendon located deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The superior belly of omohyoid extends upward from this tendon.

29
Q

Where does the omohyoid insert?

A

on the body of the hyoid bone

30
Q

What is the nerve supply to the omohyoid?

A

Ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

31
Q

What is the function of the omohyoid?

A

Depresses the hyoid bone and larynx

32
Q

What is the origin of the sternohyoid?

A

the posterior surface of the manubrium and the medial end of the clavicle

33
Q

What is the insertion of the sternohyoid?

A

the body of the hyoid bone

34
Q

What is the nerve supply to the sternohyoid?

A

Ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

35
Q

What is the function of the sternohyoid?

A

depresses the hyoid bone and the larynx

36
Q

What is the origin of the sternothyroid?

A

the posterior surface of the manubrium, inferior to the origin of the sternohyoid

37
Q

What is the insertion of the sternothyroid?

A

The oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage

38
Q

What is the nerve supply of the sternothyroid?

A

Ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

39
Q

What is the function of the sternothyroid?

A

depresses the larynx

40
Q

What is the origin of the Thyrohyoid?

A

the oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage

41
Q

What is the insertion of the Thyrohyoid?

A

the body of the hyoid bone

42
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Thyrohyoid?

A

C1 through hypoglossal nerve

43
Q

What is the function of the Thyrohyoid?

A

depresses the hyoid bone

44
Q

Why do all the infrahyoid muscles depress the hyoid bone and larynx?

A
  1. Swallowing
  2. Breathing
  3. Speaking
  4. If hyoid bone is fixed by infrahyoid muscles, digastric muscle depresses mandible.

Gross Anatomy II Exam I PCC (4 decks)

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