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PMOD 1ST SHIFTING > Superficial Heating Modalities > Flashcards

Superficial Heating Modalities Flashcards

1
Q

effects of heat

A

hemodynamic effects
neuromuscular effects
metabolic effects
altered tissue extensibility

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2
Q

neuromuscular effects of heat

A

inc nerve conduction velocity

inc pain threshold

altered muscle strength

dec firing rate

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3
Q

inc NVC by 2m/s every 1C rise

dec conduction latency of nerves

A

inc nerve conduction velocity

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4
Q

direct: gating effect

indirect: dec ischemia and muscle spasm

A

inc pain threshold

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5
Q

initial 30 mins application of heat

A

dec muscle strength

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6
Q

> 30 mins

A

muscle strength normalizes

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7
Q

dec firing rate of type II muscle spindle efferents and gamma efferents

firing rate of type 1b (gto)

A

dec firing rate

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8
Q

inc temp –> inc tissue extensibility

A

altered tissue extensibility

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9
Q

change in organization of collagen and viscoelasticity of the fibers

A

soft tissue heating prior to stretching

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10
Q

tissue heating is maintained at

A

40-45 C for 5-10 min

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11
Q

Methods of Heat Gain

A

Conduction

Convection

Radiation

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12
Q

superficial heating modalities

A

hmp

pwb

fluidotherapy

irr

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13
Q

usually made of bentonite covered in canvas; non bentonite are made up of chemical heating pads

A

hot moist pack (hmp)

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14
Q

storing of hmp

A

stored in hmp tank

initial heating: 2 hours
reheat between uses: 30 mins

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15
Q

duration of hmp

A

15-20 mins

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16
Q

wrapping of hmp

A

6-8 layers of dry towels

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17
Q

new terry cloth

A

equivalent to 4 layers

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18
Q

old terry cloth

A

equivalent to 1-2 layers

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19
Q

inexpensive, easy application

A

advantages of hmp

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20
Q

declining heating pattern

requires toweling

radial heat distrib

no limb movement allowed

A

disadvantages of hmp

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21
Q

warm, melted paraffin wax; low specific heat and thermal conductivity

advantageous to irregularly contoured areas

A

paraffin wax bath (pwb)

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22
Q

ratio of paraffin wax to mineral oil

A

6:1 or 7:1

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23
Q

methods of pwb

A

dip and wrap
dip immersion
paint/brush method

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24
Q

dip and wrap method

A

6-10 dips

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25
Q

dip immersion method

A

20 mins

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26
Q

intensity of pwb

A

mild comfortable moist warmth

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27
Q

duration of pwb

A

20-30 mins

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28
Q

inexpensive, easy application, circumferential heating

A

advantages of pwb

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29
Q

declining heating pattern, requires toweling, no limb movement

A

disadvantages of pwb

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30
Q

dry heating agent; cabinet w finely ground cellulose particles made from corn cobs

A

fluidotherapy

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31
Q

heat transfer method of fluidotherapy

A

convection

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32
Q

constant heating pattern, circumferential heating, free limb movement

A

advantages of fluidotherapy

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33
Q

expensive, limited to extremities, bulky device

A

disadvantages of fluidotherapy

34
Q

IR lamps emit electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 770 to 10^6 nm lying between the visible light and microwaves

A

Infrared Radiation

35
Q

laws in applying radiation

A

lambert’s cosine/right angle law

inverse square law

law of grotthuss draper/principle of chemical activation

arndt-schultz principles

bunsen-roscoe law of reciprocity

36
Q

optimum radiation occurs when the source is perpendicular to the center of the surface to be radiated

A

lambert’s cosine law/right angle law

37
Q

use the head perpendicularly

A

practical application of lambert’s cosine law/right angle law

38
Q

intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the distance squared

I = 1/d^2

A

inverse square law

39
Q

appropriate distance of the machine for treatment

A

practical application of inverse square law

40
Q

waves must be absorbed to be beneficial (induce chemical processes)

A

law of grotthuss draper/principle of chemical activation

41
Q

ensure proper absorption of radiation

A

practical application of law of grotthuss draper/principle of chemical activation

42
Q

there is an optimal amount of energy absorption per unit time for beneficial results to be expected

A

arndt-schultz principle

43
Q

dosage determination (intensity = warmth)

A

practical application of arndt-schultz principle

44
Q

intensity and duration of the dose radiate energy is inversely proportional

A

bunsen-roscoe law of reciprocity

45
Q

adjustment of parameters in treatment

A

practical application of bunsen-roscoe law of reciprocity

46
Q

from a glowing source like tungsten or carbon filament material

A

luminous IRR

47
Q

from a non glowing source like carborundum w metal reflector

A

non luminous IRR

48
Q

absorption and angle of rays of IRR

A

perpendicular

49
Q

distance of luminous IRR

A

45-60 cm / 18-24” (24-36”)

50
Q

pre heating of luminous IRR

A

no pre heating; must be used immediately OR 5 mins warm up

51
Q

distance of non luminous IRR

A

74-91 cm / 29-36” (30-42”)

52
Q

pre heating of non luminous IRR

A

5-10 mins

53
Q

intensity of luminous and non luminous IRR

A

mild, comfortable, dry warmth

54
Q

duration of IRR

A

15-30 [20] minutes

55
Q

penetration of luminous IRR

A

1-3 mm

56
Q

penetration of non luminous IRR

A

0.1 mm

57
Q

epidermis and dermis absorption

A

luminous IRR

58
Q

stratum corneum absorption

A

non luminous IRR

59
Q

vigorous rise in temp

A

luminous IRR

60
Q

small and gradual rise in temp

A

non luminous IRR

61
Q

more perspiration

A

luminous IRR

62
Q

less perspiration

A

non luminous IRR

63
Q

does not require any contact, area can be easily observed, can be used to treat larger areas

A

advantages of IRR vs HMP/PWB

64
Q

need for localizer to prevent dispersion of radiation heat, dry heat may be uncomfortable to pts, dehydration d/t excessive perspiration

A

disadvantages of IRR vs HMP/PWB

65
Q

subacute and chronic conditions

pain

muscle spasm

stiff structures (tissue extensibility)

accelerate tissue healing (circulation and enzymatic activities)

A

indications to ALL superficial heating modalities

66
Q

pressure sores

adjunct to electrical stimulation to dec skin impedance

psoriasis

A

indications to IRR

67
Q

recent or potential hemorrhage

thrombophlebetis

malignant tumor

metal in area

A

contraindications of ALL superficial heating mod

68
Q

acute dermal conditions

superficials metals in the area

erythema ab igne

over the eyes

cardiac insufficiency

A

contraindications spec to IRR

69
Q

Acute injury / inflammation
Pregnancy
Impaired circulation
Poor thermoregulation
Edema
Cardiac insufficiency
Metal close to area
Over open wound
Over areas with topical counterirritants
Demyelinated nerves
Impaired sensation
Impaired mentation
Psoriasis (if contagious)

A

precautions of ALL superficial heating mod

70
Q

too much perspiration

A

precaution spec to IRR

71
Q

burn injuries. blister formation

A

adverse effects of heat

72
Q

docu for hmp.pwb and fluidotherapy

A

<modality> on <body> in <position> x <duration> to <rationale>
</rationale></duration></position></body></modality>

73
Q

temp for cold wanter in contrast bath

A

10-18 C (50-64 F)

74
Q

docu for IRR

A

<type> at <distance> on <body> in <position> x <duration> to <rationale>
</rationale></duration></position></body></distance></type>

75
Q

hydrotherapy approach using cold and warm water

A

contrast bath

76
Q

temp for warm water in contrast bath

A

38-44 C (100-111 F)

77
Q

technique of contrast bath

A

hot 3-4 min –> cold 1 min

repeat cycle for 5-6 times; 25-30 min

end with warm water

78
Q

More vigorous circulatory effect

Good contact for distal extremities

Provides pain control without aggravating the edema

Allows movement in water for better circulatory effects

A

advantages of contrast bath

79
Q

Limb is in independent position

Some cannot tolerate cold immersion

Evidence from research evaluating the effects of contrast baths is lacking

A

disadvantages of contrast bath

80
Q

docu of contrast bath

A

contrast bath on <body area> in <position> x <temp> for warm x <temp> for cold x <total> to <rationale></rationale></total></temp></temp></position>

PMOD 1ST SHIFTING (3 decks)

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