Intro to Physical Agents

Question 1

Represent the admiration of thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, and light energies for a specific therapeutic effect

Answer 1

Physical Agents

Question 2

Represent a group of interventions that are adjunctive components of a more comprehensive therapy plan

Answer 2

Physical Agents

Question 3

Discuss the clinical application of physical agents

Answer 3

1. Modulation of pain
2. Alteration of muscle activation
3. Decrease inflammation and facilitate tissue healing
4. Increasing tissue extensibility

Question 4

Very common CC; protective signal of injuries; unpleasant sensation; reliable indication of the location of injury

Answer 4

Pain

Question 5

unipolar at DRG

Answer 5

a-delta fibers & c-fibers

Question 6

small diameter

Answer 6

a-delta fibers

Question 7

smallest diameter

Answer 7

c-fibers

Question 8

myelinated

Answer 8

a-delta fibers

Question 9

unmyelinated

Answer 9

c-fibers

Question 10

transmission of AP is 30 m/s

Answer 10

a-delta fibers

Question 11

transmission of AP is 1-4 m/s

Answer 11

c-fibers

Question 12

fast pain; sharp, stabbing, pricking

Answer 12

a-delta fibers

Question 13

slow pain; dull, throbbing, aching, burning

Answer 13

c-fibers

Question 14

localized pain

Answer 14

a-delta fibers

Question 15

diffusely localized

Answer 15

c-fibers

Question 16

pain relief theories

Answer 16

1. gate control theory
2. endogenous opioid system

Question 17

facilitatory to SG which “closes” the gate to block pai n

Answer 17

a-delta fibers

Question 18

inhibitory to SG resulting to continuous pain

Answer 18

c-fibers

Question 19

Pain is modulated by endogenous opioid-like peptides called opiopeptins or endorphins

Answer 19

endogenous opioid system

Question 20

components of gate control theory

Answer 20

a-delta fibers
c-fibers
substantia gelatinosa

Question 21

Depolarization of peripheral n. to recruit more motor units

Answer 21

facilitation

Question 22

Decrease motor nerve conduction or synaptic activity

Reduction of pain

Answer 22

inhibition

Question 23

phases of tissue healing process

Answer 23

1. inflammatory phase
2. proliferative phase
3. maturation phase

Question 24

Decrease blood flow and metabolic activity to reduce swelling

Reduction of pain

Minimize duration and residual effects of inflammatory phase

Answer 24

inflammatory phase

Question 25

Enhance blood flow and cellular activity to promote repair of damages tissue

Answer 25

proliferative phase

Question 26

Influence maturation and organization of collagen Restore functional integrity

Answer 26

maturation phase

Question 27

Heat facilitates elongation and deformation of collagen

Answer 27

increasing tissue extensibility

Question 28

types of physical modalities

Answer 28

thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic

Question 29

Transfer of energy to pt to increase or decrease tissue temperature

Answer 29

thermal

Question 30

hmp, pwb, fluidotherapy

Answer 30

superficial heating modalities

Question 31

ultrasound, diathermy

Answer 31

deep heating modalities

Question 32

2 types of diathermy

Answer 32

shortwave diathermy & microwave diathermy

Question 33

ice pack/cold pack, vapocoolant spray, cold whirlpool

Answer 33

cyrotherapy

Question 34

methods of heat transfer

Answer 34

conduction, convection, evaporation, conversion

Question 35

hmp, pwb, ice pack

Answer 35

conduction

Question 36

cold whirpool, fluidotherapy

Answer 36

convection

Question 37

vapocoolant spray

Answer 37

evaporation

Question 38

ultrasound and diathermy; direct piezoelectric effect; reverse piezoelectric effect

Answer 38

conversion

Question 39

mechanical to electrical energy

Answer 39

Direct Piezoelectric Effect

Question 40

electrical to mechanical energy

Answer 40

Reverse/Converse/Inverse Piezoelectric Effect

Question 41

Agents that apply force to inc. or dec. pressure on the body

Answer 41

Mechanical

Question 42

water

Answer 42

hydrotherapy

Question 43

Intermittent cervical traction (ICT) or intermittent lumbar traction (ILT)

Answer 43

mechanical traction

Question 44

Intermittent pneumatic compression

Answer 44

compression

Question 45

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy Sound

Answer 45

pressure

Question 46

Ultrasound Continuous or pulsed mode

Answer 46

sound

Question 47

Agents that apply electrical current or electromagnetic radiation to induce physiological effects

Answer 47

electromagnetic

Question 48

Apply energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation or an electric current

Answer 48

electromagnetic

Question 49

energy is transmitted by oscillatory motion in the form of electromagnetic waves

Answer 49

Electromagnetic Wave

Question 50

2 types of electromagnetic modalities

Answer 50

Electromagnetic fields and electrical currents

Question 51

use of electrical current to induce muscle contraction, changes in sensation, edema reduction and tissue healing

Answer 51

electrical stimulation

Question 52

ultraviolet radiation, diathermy, LASER, infrared radiation

Answer 52

Electromagnetic Fields/electromagnetic wave

Question 53

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Answer 53

electrical stimulation/electrical currents

Question 54

Conditions or factors in which treatment over a specific body region should not be applied Increased risk of adverse effects

Answer 54

contraindications

Question 55

Conditions or factors in which a pt is at risk of experiencing an adverse event Proceed with caution

Answer 55

precautions

Question 56

documentation of physical agents

Answer 56

Modality Body region Patient position Parameters (specific to the modality) Rationale

Question 57

impaired sensation, pregnancy, old age, unconscious, young age

Answer 57

precaution

Question 58

cancer, fever, hemorrhagic conditions, active deep venous thrombosis, electronic implants

Answer 58

contraindications