Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

exam and Intervention II > Superficial heat > Flashcards

Superficial heat Flashcards

1
Q

superficial heat includes

A

hot packs, paraffin wax bath, contrast bath, fluidotherapy, infrared lamps, whirlpool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

indications for using superficial heat

A
  • Promotes soft tissue healing
  • Promotes general relaxation
  • decrease joint stiffness
  • decrease /control pain
  • skin conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

way superficial heat is transfer

A

convection
conduction
radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

examples of Convection superficial heat

A

fluidotherapy

whirlpool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

examples of conduction superficial heat

A

hot packs, paraffin, contrast baths, cold pack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

examples of radiation superficial heat

A

infrared lamps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Optimum dosage of therapeutic range

A

Skin temp, between 104-113 F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

effects of heat include

A

hemodynamic effects
Neuromuscular effects
Increased metabolic rate
increase tissue extensibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hemodynamic effects

A

vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

during hemodynamic effects, application of heat to an area will trigger what

A

local response of vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does vasodilation occur

A

depolarization of sympathetic cholinergic nerve fibers through cutaneous thermoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what neurotransmitters are released during vasodilation

A

acetylcholine
bradykinin
nitrous oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

nitrous oxide acts as

A

vasoactive mediators on the cholinergic receptors of smooth muscles surrounding blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

indirect effect of heat through cutaneous thermoreceptors

A

project via dorsal root ganglion to synapse with interneurons in dorsal horn gray matter of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Indirect effect of heat by interneurons

A
  • synapse with sympathetic neurons in lateral gray horns of thoracolumbar segments of spinal cord
  • inhibit their firing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

indirect effects of heat causes a reduction in what

A

smooth muscle contraction resulting in vasodilation both at site of heat application and in cutaneous vessels of the distal extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the benefit of thermotherapy and distal vasodilative effect

A

-increase cutaneous blood flow to area difficult or unsafe to apply heating agent directly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

neuromuscular effect

A
  • change in nerve conduction velocity

- Changes in firing temp rate at temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An increase in temp causes what to nerve conduction velocity

A

and increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An increase in temp causes a decrease in what

A

conduction latency in sensory and motor nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

An increase in temp causes a decrease in firing rate of

A

type II muscle spindle efferent & gamma efferents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

increase in firing rate of type Ib fibers from golgi tendon organs causes a decrease in

A

muscle spasm and relaxation of muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

superficial heat causes increased pain threshold by

A

an increase activation of cutaneous thermoreceptors

24
Q

superficial heat increases cutaneous thermoreceptors (increase pain threshold) by

A

a direct and IMMEDIATE REDUCTION OF PAIN ,by inhibition of spinal gating mechanism to spinal cord level and an indirect, later, and more prolonged decrease of pain by , DECREASE OF ISCHEMIA (decrease in blood flow) AND MUSCLE SPASM OR FACILITATION TISSUE HEALING

25
There is a decrease in muscle strength and endurance for how long after application of heating agent?
30 minutes
26
why is there changes in muscle strength
changes in firing rates of type II muscle spindles efferent, gamma efferent, and type Ib fibers from golgi tendon organs
27
When is there a gradual strength after heating an area
next 2 hours
28
When should you measure muscle strength and endurance?
BEFORE heating modality
29
What are the metabolic effects of superficial heat
an increase in metabolic rate
30
explain how heat increases the metabolic rate
Increase in enzymatic activity = increase rate of cellular biochemical runs = increases oxygen availability and uptake and acceleration of healing of a chronic wound
31
why do you have to use caution in pts with acute inflammatory disorders like RA when using heat
heat has been shown to increase the activity of collagenase and may accelerate the destruction of articular cartilage
32
to increase collagen extensibility tissue heat need to be maintain at what temp and for how long
104-113 deg for 5-10 mins
33
what are the benefits of increased collagen extensibility
- increase in length after stretch applied - Less force required ro achieve lengthening - Decreased risk of tissue tearing - at tendon, ligament, scar tissue or jt capsule, plastic deformation maintains new length after calling due to reorganization of collagen fibers and changes in viscoelasticity
34
an increase of temp causes what to extensibility
increase
35
Duration of application for moist heat packs
20 mins. check for redness after 5 mins
36
Temp ranges for moist heat packs
158-167 deg F
37
Advantages of Hot packs
- easy & inexpensive - brief demand on DPT time - low level of skill application - can be used to cover large moderate areas - safe- cool upon removal - available for pt to purchase at home
38
disadvantages of hot packs
- removal necessary to inspect tx area during treatment - pt. may not tolerate weight of HP - contact may b limited for small/contoured areas - active motion during tx not practical - hot water cabinet moderately expensive
39
heating temp of paraffin
126-134 deg F
40
Optimum tx temp of paraffin
125-127 deg F
41
advantages of paraffin
- maintains good contact with contoured areas and skin - easy and inexpensive - body part can be elevated - lubricates and conditions skin - can be used at home
42
Continuous immersion/ dip immersion
1 dip for coating dry immerse up to 20 mins
43
Dip Immersion w/ wrapping
``` 6-10 dips dry cover with plastic elevate extremity wrap in towel for 10-15 mins or until cool ```
44
painting / brushing w/ wrapping
-brush melted wax onto tx area 6-10x dry cover with plastic wrap in town for 20 min
45
what is a contrast bath
use of alternate immersion hot/cold
46
procedure of contrast bath
alternate hot/cold 25-30 mins | -end with warm water
47
what are indications for contrast bath
- subacute trauma/ chronic conditions - inflammatory conditions (sprains, strains, tendinitis) - reflex sympathetic dystrophy (hypersensitivity/ hyperalgesia )
48
advantages of contrast bath
- promote more vigorous circulatory effect than heat/cold - good contact with contoured areas - pain control without aggravating edema - allows movement with application for increasing circulatory effects
49
disadvantages of contrast bath
- dependent limb position - pt might not be able to tolerate cold - evidence is lacking
50
contraindications of thermotherapy
- area of recent or potential hemorrhage - impaired sensation - impaired mentation - over malignant area/tumor - Thrombophlebitis - IR irradiation of the eyes - pregnant women: over abdominal, pelvic and low back
51
precautions of thermotherapy
- acute injury or inflation - pregnancy - poor thermoregulation - edema - over areas where tropical counterirritants recently been applied - demylinated nerve (carpal tunnel, ulnar nerve entrapment) - over an area of reduced peripheral blood circulation - pts with cardiac insufficiency - over body with superficially located implants - over superficial closed and open wounds - body part resting on hot back decreases cooling
52
when should you reevaluate use of heat or refer to MD for reevaluation
pt conditions worsen or there is no improvement after 2-3 treatments
53
adverse effects of thermotherapy
- burns - fainting - bleeding - skin/eye damage from IR
54
what is the 2 cause of malpractice suits
burns
55
how to avoid tissue damage when using thermal agents
- use superficial agents that get cooler during their application - limit initial temp of agent - use enough insulation between the agent and the pt skin - provide a means for py to call you, bell
56
documentation of superficial heating agents
- area treated - heating agent type - treatment parameter(temp/power, insulation/distance) - pt positioning - response to intervention

exam and Intervention II (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions