hydrotherapy Flashcards
1
Q
what is hydrotherapy
A
the use of water for therapeutic purposes
2
Q
What is thermo-hydrotherapy (warm water immersion)?
A
use of water at temps above the immersed body skin temp (> 93 deg F)
3
Q
what is cryo-hydrotherapy (cold water immersion)?
A
use of water at temps below the immersed body skin temp (< 90 deg F)
4
Q
what temp is the burn tank kept at?
A
93 deg (thermoneutral)
5
Q
Indications of hydrotherapy?
A
- superficial cooling or heating
- wound care
- water exercise (NOT aquatic therapy)
- pain control
- edema control
6
Q
3 advantages of hydrotherapy?
A
- provides perfect contact with skin (contoured areas)
- does not need to be fastened to the body
- allows movement during heating or cooling
7
Q
Disadvantages of hydrotherapy when applied to extremities?
A
- distal extremity must be in dependent position
- may aggravate edema
8
Q
What is important to consider for hydrotherapy
A
-edema counteracted by compression of hydrostatic pressure with immersion
9
Q
specific heat
A
capacity to store heat
10
Q
thermal conductivity
A
capacity of a substance to conduct heat
11
Q
specific heat of water
A
4.19
12
Q
specific heat and thermal conductivity of water is less or greater than air?
A
greater
13
Q
physical properties of water?
A
- buoyancy
- resistance
- hydrostatic pressure
14
Q
what is buoyancy
A
an anti-gravitational force or vertical upward thrust against gravity
15
Q
what is an upward force on an object immersed in a fluid that is equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces, enabling it to float or to appear lighter
A
buoyancy
16
Q
what does buoyancy promote
A
relative state of weightlessness
17
Q
buoyancy is dependent on
A
- percent of body immersed
- specific gravity or weight density of the human body is less than water
18
Q
Buoyancy on water helps to do what?
A
-decrease stress and compression on weight bearing structures
19
Q
what is resistance-viscosity
A
a force counter to the direction of movement, controls flow of movement
20
Q
resistance-viscosity increases with what
A
speed of motion and area of contact
21
Q
a fast moving body results in what type of resistance
A
high
22
Q
paddles and fins increase what
A
frontal area and increase resistance
23
Q
slow moving body results in what type of resistance
A
moderate resistance
24
Q
limbs straight in front does what
A
decrease frontal area and decrease resistance
25
what is hydrostatic pressure
the pressure exerted by a fluid on a body immersed in the fluid
26
pressure increases with what for hydrostatic pressure?
fluid depth
27
control over physical properties of water affects dosing and therapeutic goals by
hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy force, resistance
28
how hydrostatic pressure controls over physical properties of water affects dosing and therapeutic goals
increased or decreased by varying depth of immersion
29
how buoyancy controls over physical properties of water affects dosing and therapeutic goals
increased or decreased by varying % of body immersion
30
how resistance controls over physical properties of water affects dosing and therapeutic goals
- body movement velocity
- body surface area
- use of electrical turbine
31
benefits of mechanical properties of hydrotherapy
- enhances wound care
- enhances control of edema
- weightlessness effect
32
water pressure and turbulence force of turbines used for cleansing and debridement is used to enhance
wound care
33
Hydrostatic pressure causes limb compression and enhances
edema
34
what benefits body unloading and painful weight bearing that may occur on land
Weightlessness effect, Buoyancy
35
physiological effects of hydrotherapy
- cleansing (lavage)
- musculoskeletal
- cardiovascular
- Respiratory
- renal
- psychological
36
Musculoskeletal effects of hydrotherapy are?
- buoyancy decreases weight bearing
- resistance provides force for strengthening
- Hydrostatic pressure increases resting muscle blood flow when immersed up to the neck
37
buoyancy decreases weight bearing but is depending on what
depth of immersion
38
water at waist level is what percent unweighted?
50%
39
resistance provides for strengthening is dependent on what two things
-speed of movement and surface area
40
greater the speed and surface area equals what
greater resistance
41
hydrostatic pressure increases resting muscle blood flow by what percent
100-225%
42
hydrostatic pressure improves muscular performance by
increasing oxygen availability & waste removal from cells, thus promoting more effective muscular training
43
is hydrotherapy effective for adults or children
both
44
relaxing or invigorating is depending on what?
temperature
45
warmer temperatures does what?
relax
46
cooler temperatures does what?
invigorate
47
during superficial heating or cooling energy transfer by
conduction and convection
48
conduction is
still water and body part
49
convection is when
water circulated around treated body area
50
convection uses
electric turbines
51
cryo-hydrotherapy physiological effects are
- vasoconstriction
- decreased blood flow
- decreased metabolism
- invigorating/ enhancing energy
52
cryo-therapy therapeutic effects are
- decreased post exercise muscle soreness
| - enhances post-exercise recovery
53
thermo-hydrotherapy physiological effects
- vasodilation
- increase blood flow
- increase metabolism
- enhance sedating
54
thermo-hydrotherapy therapeutic effects
- decrease pain
- enhance labor
- enhance wound care
55
cold water may reduce what
inflammation, reducing pain
56
pain control using hydrotherapy
- high level sensory stimulation to peripheral mechanoreceptors to gate the transmission of pain
- cold water. reduce inflammation
- increased ease of movement with water immersion
- decreased weight bearing may reduce joint compression
- temperature (hot/cold)
57
edema control requires
deep immersion
58
what temp of water should you avoid with edema?
hot
59
how does cold water control edema
vasoconstriction and reduce vascular permeability
60
hydrotherapy controls edema by
hydrostatic pressure
61
contraindications for local immersion hydrotherapy
- maceration around a wound
| - bleeding
62
contraindications for full body immersion
- cardiac instability
- infectious conditions may spread via water
- bowel and bladder incontinence
- severe epilepsy
- suicidality
63
precautions for local immersion (peripheral limb)
- impaired thermal sensation in immersed area
- infection in immersed area
- confusion or impaired cognition
- recent skin grafts
64
precautions for full body in hot/very warm water
- pregnancy
- MS
- poor thermal regulation
65
precautions for full body immersion for any temp
- confusion or disorientation
- alcohol ingestion
- limited strength, endurance, balance, ROM
- Medications
- urinary incontinence
- fear of water
- respiratory problems
66
adverse effects of hydrotherapy
- drowning
- burns, fainting and bleeding (vitals)
- hyponatremia
- infection
- aggravation of edema
- asthma exacerbation
67
general application technique of hydrotherapy
- evaluate pt
- determine appropriateness & safety
- select appropriate form of hydrotherapy
- explain procedure and rationale to the pt
- apply hydrotherapy
- when treatment is complete, assess outcome
- document
68
types of whirlpools
- extremity tanks
| - low and high boy tanks
69
extremity tanks
distal extremities
70
low and high boy tanks
-larger body parts, full limbs
71
low and high boy tanks can have immersion up to
waist
72
cool whirlpool is used for
reduce inflammation
73
tepid water is used for
exercise
74
neutral warmth water for whirlpool is used for
- control tone for near based hypertonicity
| - circulatory, sensory, cardiac disorders
75
mild warmth whirlpool usage
burns (after epithelialization)
| promotes mobility and relaxation
76
hot whirlpool usage
pain control, increase soft tissue extensibility
| -large areas
77
very hot whirlpool usage
pain control, increase soft tissue extensibility
- limited body areas
- OA, RA non acute stage
78
whirlpool is an effective medium for what?
- heat transfer
- cleansing & debriding open wounds
- exercise
79
During whirlpool weaker muscles can do what?
move more freely than on dry land
80
Whirlpools allow what while heat is being applied
movement
81
during whirlpool pt can be safely and securely what?
positioned
82
disadvantages of whirlpool?
- size of the tank limits the amount of exercise and the size of the treated area
- large quantity of water used
- risk of infection
- cost & time of cleaning
- cost of heating water
- time to assist pt dress/undress & position in whirlpool
83
whirlpool must be what for safety
properly grounded
84
what needs to have close attention when using hydrotherapy
infection control
85
If pt is left alone with hydrotherapy there needs to be what?
call bell
86
what needs to be documented when using hydrotherapy
- type of hydrotherapy
- pt. position or activities
- water temp
- treatment duration
- response to intervention
- IF possible: fluid pressure, water additives
