Superficial Face and Scalp Flashcards
What is the danger zone of the scalp?
loose connective tissue/loose subaponeurotic tissue
What are the two major arteries that supply the face?
facial and superficial temporal arteries
What is the sensory innervation by the face?
trigeminal nerve (V1, V2, V3), the anterior rami and posterior rami of the cervical plexus
What nerve branch does Herpes Zoster (shingles) affect?
the right frontal nerve (first branch of the trigeminal nerve)
What is a rash expressed in the target tissues of infected nerves such as the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?
Herpes Zoster
______ does not have any sort of rash or other symptoms but sufferers have “paroxysmal” or “lacinating” pain in one or two trigeminal divisions and an episode is often triggered by a light touch or breeze.
Trigeminal neuralgia
Name three facial features that contribute significantly to individual appearance.
- size of superciliary arches
- shape of the cheeks
- nose and lips
True or False? The size and strength of the pulse of the superficial temporal is easily palpated and should be roughly symmetrical.
True
Where are the muscles of facial expression located?
In the superficial fascia of the head and neck
What is the motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression?
facial nerve (CN VII)
_______ originates from the medial part of the superciliary arch deep to the orbicularis oculi. It inserts in the skin (dermis) near the supraorbital foramen.
corrugator
______ lies superficial to the nasal bone and originates from this and the upper part of the lateral nasal cartilage and attaches to the skin at the root of the nose.
procerus
______ consists of a larger transverse portion which originates and a smaller alar portion both of which originates from the maxillary bone roughly at the level of the incisor. The former inserts by interdigitating with the opposite muscle in a nasal aponeurosis while the latter insert into the alar cartilage.
nasalis
_______ orbital part originates from the medial part of the medial palpebral ligament, the nasal part of the frontal bone, and the frontal process of the maxilla. The fibers encircles the eye and inserts into the lateral palpebral raphe and frontalis muscle, corrugator muscle, and the tarsi. The palpebral portion also arises from the medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal crest and laterally the fibers of both lid interdigitate at the lateral palpebral raphe. These muscles are responsible for closing the eye.
orbicularis oculi
The muscles that move the upper mouth include the _______ (6) originates from the maxilla above the infraorbital foramen and inserts into the upper lip.
levator labii superioris alaque nasi levator labii superioris, levator anguli oris, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, risorius
________ originate from the frontal process of the maxilla and inserts in the upper lip and alar cartilage of the nose.
levator labii superioris alaque nasi
_______ originates from the canine fossa of the maxillary bone below the infraorbital foramen and deep to the levator labii superioris. This muscle covers the infraorbital foramen.
levator anguli oris
_______ arises from the posterior and lateral part of the zygomatic bone below the orbicularis oculi and passes obliquely downward and forward to the corner of the mouth where it attaches to skin and mucosa . The zygomaticus minor originates from the zygomatic bone either below or deep to the orbicularis oculi and runs toward the mouth running parallel and above the zygomaticus major to insert into the upper lip just medial to the corner of the mouth.
zygomaticus major
_____ originates in the lateral cheek from the subcutaneous tissue over the parotid gland. It runs forward and slightly downward across the masseter muscle where it inserts into the skin and mucosa at the lateral corner of the mouth. Known as the smiling muscle it pulls the lips laterally and upward.
risorius
______ surrounds the mouth so it actually can be considered with the upper and lower mouth group and takes origin from other facial muscles in the maxilla, the nasal septum and the mandible and inserts into the dermis of lips and surrounding muscles. This muscle closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.
orbicularis oris
______ arises from the anterior portion of oblique line and side of the body of the mandible at the level of the canine, premolar and first molar and converges to the corner of the mouth where it is partly inserted into skin and also the upper part of the orbicularis oris. It has the shape of a broad-based triangle.
depressor anguli oris
_____ originates from the front of the mandible and passes upward in front of the mental foramen. It takes origin deep to the depressor anguli oris. It is quadrangular in shape and runs medial to the depressor anguli oris.
depressor labii inferioris
_____ originates from the mandible near the root of the incisor and passes downward to insert into the skin of the chin.
mentalis
_____ originates in the pectoral and deltoid fascia and inserts on the mandible it is innervated by cervical branches of the Facial Nerve.
platysma
_____ originates from the pterygomandibular raphe and the alveolar arches and inserts in the dermis of the lips and the surrounding muscles of the mouth. This muscle compresses the cheek and is the most lateral muscle of the cheek.
buccinator
____ is an important landmark for the dental anesthesia of the mandibular teeth.
raphe
All of the muscles of facial expression receive motor innervation from the ____ nerve.
CN VII
What arch are the facial nerve and muscle of facial expression associated with?
The 2nd or hyoid pahryngeal arch
______ exits the skull from the stylomastoid foramen and typically divides within the parotid gland ultimately giving rise to five major branches that provide regionally appropriate innervation to the facial muscles.
The facial nerve
What nerve provides motor innervation to all the muscles of facial expression?
facial nerve
Anterior and superior auricular, frontalis, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator are innervates by what branch of the facial nerve?
temporal
Orbicularis oculi and corrugator are innervated by what branch of the facial nerve?
zygomatic
Procerus, nasalis, depressor septi, zygomaticus minor and major, levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaque nasi, risorius, orbicularis oris, and buccinator are innervated by what branch of the facial nerve?
buccal
Risorius, orbicularis oris, mentalis, depressor anguli oris, and depressor labii inferioris are innervated by what branch of the facial nerve?
mandibular (marginal)
Platysma is innervated by what branch of the facial nerve?
cervical
The blood supply of the superficial face is provided by branches of the ______.
external and internal carotid artery
The facial vein has anastomosis with ______ and these drain the blood into the _______ formed by the dura mater at the base of the middle cranial fossa.
superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, cavernous sinus
Why the danger area of the face termed so?
the angular vein from the facial communicates with ophthalmic veins and thereby may let infection from the face into the meningeal sinuses leading to a deadly condition
What are the nerves that branch from V1 (ophthalmic) division of the trigeminal nerve?
- supraoribtal nerve
- supratrochlear nerve
- palpebral branch of the lacrimal nerve
- infratrochlear nerve
- external nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal
What are the nerves that branch from V2 (maxillary) division of the trigeminal nerve?
- infraorbital nerve
- zygomaticofacial nerve
- zygomaticotemporal nerve
What are the nerves that branch from V3 (mandibular) division of the trigeminal nerve?
- mental nerve
- buccal nerve
- auriculotemporal nerve
How do you diagnose trigeminal neuralgia?
Compress the terminal branches of the trigeminal nerves: supraorbital foramen (V1), infraorbital foramen (V2), and the mental foramen (V3).
What two nerves make up the anterior rami of the cervical plexus?
greater auricular nerve
lesser occipital nerve
What two nerves make up the posterior rami of the cervical plexus?
lesser auricular nerve
greater occipital nerve
