Cranial Nerves Flashcards
What are the cranial nerves?
I - Olfactory II - Optic III - Oculomotor IV - Trochlear V - Trigeminal VI - Abducens VII - Facial VIII - Vestibulocochlear IX - Glossopharyngeal X - Vagus XI - Accessory XII - Hypoglossal
Afferent refers to ______.
sensory information (input)
Efferent refers to ________.
motor information (output)
What the 4 general senses?
touch, temperature, pain, proprioception from body wall and limbs
What are the 3 visceral senses?
stretch, anoxia, pain from viscera
What are the 5 special senses?
vision, hearing, balance, smell, taste
Somatic motor information goes to what type of muscle?
striated muscle
Visceral motor information goes to what structures?
smooth muscle
glands
enteric nervous system of the GI tract
Pharyngeal arch 1 is innervated by what cranial nerve?
V3
Pharyngeal arch 2 is innervated by what cranial nerve?
VII
Pharyngeal arch 3 is innervated by what cranial nerve?
IX
Pharyngeal arch 4 is innervated by what cranial nerve?
X
The telencephalon is innervated by what cranial nerve?
I - Olfactory
The diencephalon is innervated by what cranial nerve?
II - Optic
The mesencephalon is innervated by what cranial nerve?
III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
The metencephalon is innervated by what cranial nerve?
V - Trigeminal
The myetencephalon is innervated by what cranial nerve?
Pons - VI,VII,VIII (Abducens, Facial, Vestibuloccochlear)
Medulla - IX, X, XI, XII
(Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accesory, Hypoglossal)
What are the cranial nerve attachments of the midbrain?
III, IV
What are the cranial nerve attachments of the pons?
V
What are the cranial nerve attachments of the pons-medulla junction?
VI, VII, VIII
What are the cranial nerve attachments of the medulla?
IX, X, XII
What are the cranial nerve attachments of the spinal cord?
XI
Cranial nerves leave the skull in order from ____ to _____.
anterior, posterior
True or False? The olfactory nerve consists of numerous bundles of unmyelinated axons from bipolar neurons in the nasal mucosa.
True
Axons from the mitral cells pass to the telencephalon as the _______.
olfactory tract
The olfactory nerve is classified as _____.
SVA
Special, Visceral, Afferent
The _____ nerves are formed by the axons of ganglion cells in the retina.
optic
Some of the fibers of the optic nerve cross at the ________ and join the contralateral optic tract, so the right visual field projects to the left and the lateral geniculate body, and vice versa.
optic chiasm
The optic chiasm and tracts are located in the _________.
diencephalon
The optic nerve is made up of _______ fibers.
SSA
Special, Somatic, Afferent
_____, _______, and ______ are motor nerves to striated muscles of the orbit that are derived from head somites. They supply the extraocular muscles that move the eye.
CN III, IV, and VI
_____ and ______ arise from the midbrain (mesencephalon).
CN III, IV
_______ innervates most of the extraocular muscles (GSE). It also provides parasympathetic preganglionic fibers (GVE) to the ciliary ganglion whose postganglionic fibers help control pupillary diameter.
CN III
______ supplies one muscle, the superior oblique. It is the only cranial nerve to originate from the dorsal or superior surface of the midbrain.
CN IV
________ also supplies one muscle, the lateral rectus. It is actually a nerve of the myelencephalon and arises from the brain at the pons - medulla junction. It travels into the orbit with cranial nerves III, IV, and V1.
CN VI
What are the three exits of the trigeminal nerve branches?
Superior orbital fissure
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Cell bodies for taste fibers are in the ________.
geniculate ganglion in the petrous temporal bone
__________ (General visceral efferent GVE) in the
greater petrosal nerve control secretion
of mucus while GVE fibers in the
chorda tympani control secretion of saliva.
Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers
What modality is associated with a large area (body wall and limbs or viscera)?
General
What modality associated with one organ or area?
Special
What modality is striated muscle derived from somites?
Somatic
What modality is associated with GI tract either striated muscle derived from branchial arches (mouth, pharynx, larynx) or parasympathetic to smooth muscles and glands?
Visceral
What are the categories for the modalities?
General or Special, Somatic or Visceral, Afferent or Efferent
Branchial arch 1 is associated with what nerve?
V3
Branchial arch 2 is associated with what nerve?
VII
Branchial arch 3 is associated with what nerve?
IX
Branchial arch 4 is associated with what nerve?
X
Rostral is _____, caudal is ________.
head, tail
Information from the right visual field goes to the _____ lateral geniculate.
left
What cranial nerve arise from the dorsal side of the brain?
trochlear
