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Anatomy Exam 3 > Superficial Back > Flashcards

Superficial Back Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatomes

A
  • Area of skin innervated by fibers from a single spinal nerve or spinal cord segment
  • Maps have been developed from clinical studies
  • adjacent dermatomes overlap
  • maps can be used for clinical sensory testing
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2
Q

Superficial Fascia

A
  • Subcutaneous Tissue (immediately below skin)
  • found between skin and deep fascia
  • covers most of body
  • storage area for body fat
  • not very well organized
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3
Q

Deep fascia

A
  • strong, dens, well organized layer of connective tissue
  • Located deep to superficial fasica
  • contains no fat
  • At the locations where muscles attach to bones, the deep fascia becomes continuous with periosteum
  • Helps form compartments in the body
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4
Q

Layers of Deep Fascia

A
  • Investing layer of deep fascia
    • covers deeper structures
    • extensions from deep surface of dep fascia invests deeper structures such as muscles and neurovascular bundles
  • Intermuscular septa
    • separates muscles into groups
  • Retinaculum
    • thickening of the deep fascia acros tendons of muscles at joints
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5
Q

Superficial Back Muscle Characteristics

A
  • Extrinsic Layer of muscles
  • Known as the axioappendicular muslces
  • Attach upper limb to axial skelteon
  • Originate from bony strucutres of back & insert on bones of upper limb
  • act to move upper limb & not back, therefore extrinsic
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6
Q

Innervation of Superficial Back Muscles

A
  • Ventral primary rami (because they are upper limb muscles - NOT dorsal primary rami)
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7
Q

Intermediate Back Muslces

A
  • Extrinsic Back Muscles
    • Serratus posterior superior
    • Serratus posterior inferior
  • involved in respiration by acting on chest wall
  • also innervated by ventral primary rami
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8
Q

Deep Back Muscles

A
  • Intrinsic Back muscles
  • primary movers of back
  • innervated by dorsal primary rami
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9
Q

Trapeziu

A
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10
Q

List of Superificial Back Muscles

A
  • trapezius,
  • latissimus dorsi,
  • Levator scapulae,
  • Rhomboid major & minor
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11
Q

Trapezius Characteristics

A
  • provides direct attachment of pectoral girdle to axial skelton
  • flat triangular muscle
  • helps to suspend upper limb from the trunk
  • two muscles - one on each side of vertebral column
    • form a trapezoid (4 sided) structure
  • Covers back of neck and upper half of trunk
  • attaches the pectoral girdle to the skull and vertebral column
  • muscle fibers are divided into 3 parts
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12
Q

Origin of Trap

A

occipital bone

ligamentum nuchae

spinous process of C7-T12

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13
Q

Insertion of Trap

A

clavical (lateral 1/3)

Acromion and spine of scapulae

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14
Q

Nerve supply to Trap

A

CN XI - motor

C3, C4 (ventral primary rami) - pain & proprioception

  • Nerve injury results in drooping scapula (shoulder) also known as shoulder drop
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15
Q

Blood Supply to Trap

A

superficial branch of transverse cervical artery

located on the deep surface of muscle

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16
Q

Action of Trap

A
  • hold upper limb to trunk
  • adducts (retracts) scapula - middle fibers
  • raises scapula - upper fibers
  • depresses scapula - lower fibers
  • Rotates scapula so that inferior angle is moved laterally for abduction of upper limb above horizontal postion
  • Test strength by shrugging against resistance
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17
Q

Latissimus Dorsi Characteristics

A
  • Very broad flat muscle
  • covers inferior half of back (T6 - iliac crest)
  • Attaches the upper limbe to the trunk
  • acts on the shoulder joint
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18
Q

Origin of Lat

A

Spinous process of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae

thoracolumbar fascia

iliac crest and lower 3 or 4 ribs

19
Q

Insertion of Lat

A

Humerus (intertubercular groove) - between teres major and pectoralis major

20
Q

Nerve supply of lat

A

Thoracodorsal Nerve (C6,7,8 level of spinal cord) from brachial plexus

  • Nerve injury results in inability to raise the trunk with the upper limbs during climbing
21
Q

Blood supply to Lat

A

Thoracodorsal artery

22
Q

Action of Lat

A
  • Pulls arm posteriorly (extends) and rotates medially
  • used in chopping wood or crawl stroke in swimming
  • it adducts, extends, and medially rotates the humerus at the shoulder joint
  • Along with the pectoralis major, it is a powerful adductor of the arm
23
Q

Triangle of Auscultation

A
  • small triangular gap between muscles near the inferior angle of scapula
  • Bounded by Trap, lat, and medial border of scapula
  • good place to listen for respiratory sounds
  • respiratory sounds here are less muffeled
24
Q

Levator Scapulae Characteristics

A
  • Strap-like muscle located in the neck and upper part of the thorax
  • upper part lies deep to SCM and the inferior part lies deep to trap
25
Q

Origin of Lev Scap

A

Transverse processes of C1-4

26
Q

Insertion of Lev Scap

A

Superior angle of scapula and along it’s upper medial border

27
Q

Blood supply of Lev Scap

A

Dorsal Scapular artery (branch of axillary a)

deep branch of transverse cervical a

28
Q

Nerve innervation of Lev Scap

A

Dorsal Scapular nerve (C5) and 3rd & 4th cervical nerves

29
Q

Action of Lev Scap

A
  • Elevates Scapula
  • rotates scapula to move the glenoid cavity and shoulder joint inferiorly
30
Q

Rhomboid Major & Minor Characteristics

A
  • One sheet of muscle
  • lies deep to trap
  • upper part is called rhomboid minor
  • Lower, bigger part is called rhomboid major
31
Q

Origin of Rhomboids

A

Spines of C7 and T1-T5

32
Q

Insertion of Rhomboids

A

medial border of scapula

33
Q

Blood Supply of Rhomboids

A

Dorsal Scapular Artery

34
Q

Action of Rhomboids

A

Adduct Scapula

Rotate scapula so the glenoid cavity moves inferiorly

35
Q

Nerve innervation of Rhomboids

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (ventral ramus of C5) and some fibers from C4

Injury to the dorsal scapular nerve results in inability to adduct scapula

36
Q

List of intermidiate Back Muscles

A

Serratus Posterior Superior

Serratus Posterio Inferior

37
Q

Serratus Posterior Superior

A
  • Located deep to rhomboids
  • Origin - ligamuntum nuchae and spines of C7-T3
  • Insertion - 2nd to 4th ribs
  • Nerve - first three throacic spinal nerves
  • Action - elevates ribs
38
Q

Serratus Posterior Inferior

A
  • Origin - T11-L2 vertebral spines
  • Insertion - Lower 4 ribs
  • Action - aids in respiration by holding ribs steady when diaphragm moves up
  • Nerves - last 4 thoracic nerves
39
Q

If during a surgical proceduer, T9-12 nerves are damaged, which one of the following muscles would be affected?

Rhomboid Major

Trap

Lev Scap

Serratus posterior superior

serratus posterior inferior

A

Serratus posterior inferior

40
Q

During a physical exam, you notice that the patient has one shoulder lower than the other (drooping of the shoulder). This condition can result from damage to the _____ muscles

Lev Scap

Lat

Serratus anterior

Trap

Lev Scap AND Trap

A

Lev Scap AND Trap

41
Q

You notice that the patient is unable to extend his arm at the shoulder joint. You expect nerve damage to the muscle responsible for this action. Which group of nerves might be involved?

T1-L1

C6-C8

T8-T11

C1-C6

A

C6-C8

42
Q

Rhomboid Major and minor act to ____ the scapula

Rotate

Adduct

Depress

Abduct

Rotate and Adduct

A

Rotate and Adduct

43
Q
A

Anatomy Exam 3 (5 decks)

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