Superficial back

Question 1

Latissimus dorsi function

Answer 1

extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus at the shoulder joint; main extensor of the upper extremity

Question 2

Trapezius function

Answer 2

upper fibers: elevate scapula
middle fibers: retract scapula
lower fibers: depress scapula

Question 3

What nerve supplies the trapezius?

Answer 3

accessory nerve (11th cranial nerve)

Question 4

What causes droopy shoulder?

Answer 4

paralysis of the trapezius muscle; damage to accessory nerve

Question 5

Levator function

Answer 5

elevates and fixes the scapula

Question 6

Rhomboid function

Answer 6

retracts and elevates the scapula, rotate it to depress the glenoid cavity; consists of major and minor

Question 7

Serratus anterior function

Answer 7

protracts the scapula and holds it against the thoracic wall; positions the glenoid cavity; facilitates rotation of the scapula

Question 8

What does injury the nerve supplying the scapula cause?

Answer 8

winged scapula; the nerve is the long thoracic nerve

Question 9

What nerve supplies the deltoid?

Answer 9

axillary nerve

Question 10

What are the functions of the deltoid?

Answer 10

anterior fibers: flex and medially rotate the humerus
middle fibers: chief abductor of the humerus
posterior fibers: extend and laterally rotate the humerus;

Question 11

What muscle causes roundness of shoulders?

Answer 11

deltoids

Question 12

What are the functions of the teres?

Answer 12

adducts and medially rotates the humerus; consists of major and minor

Question 13

Function of the supraspinatus

Answer 13

abducts the humerus

Question 14

Function of the infraspinatus

Answer 14

laterally rotates the humerus

Question 15

Teres minor function

Answer 15

laterally rotates the humerus

Question 16

Subscapularis function

Answer 16

medially rotates the humerus

Question 17

Omohyoid muscle function

Answer 17

depresses, retracts, and steadies the hyoid bone

Question 18

Where does the omohyoid attach?

Answer 18

near the suprascapular notch and the hyoid bone

Question 19

What forms the triangle of auscultation?

Answer 19

medial border of the scapula, superior horizontal border of the latissimus dorsi, and the inferolateral border of the trapezius

Question 20

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Answer 20

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Question 21

What is the arterial route for supply of the upper limb?

Answer 21

vessels include the transverse cervical artery or the dorsal scapular artery, and the suprascapular artery

Question 22

Purpose of the rotator cuff

Answer 22

keeps the head of the humerus close the glenoid fossa; stabilize the shoulder joint

Question 23

Vertebrae numbers/names

Answer 23

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacrum (5 fused segments), coccyx (3-4 segments)

Question 24

What is the blood supply to the trapezius?

Answer 24

transverse cervical artery and vein

Question 25

Which nerve supplies the rhomboids and the levator scapulae?

Answer 25

dorsal scapular nerve

Question 26

Nerve/artery that supplies the serratus anterior

Answer 26

long thoracic artery/nerve

Question 27

Main function of the deltoid

Answer 27

main function is abductor of upper extremity (arm away from midline)

Question 28

What nerve supplies the deltoid?

Answer 28

axillary nerve

Question 29

What can lead to inflammation of the bursa?

Answer 29

Calcification of the supraspinatus tendon; called painful arc syndrome

Question 30

Where is the subacromial bursa located?

Answer 30

deep to the deltoid and acromion

Question 31

What makes up the quadrilateral or quadrangular space?

Answer 31

teres minor, teres major, long head of triceps, humerus

Question 32

What do the posterior circumflex vessels supply?

Answer 32

artery/vein supply deltoid, pass through quadrilateral space

Question 33

What ligament bridges over the suprascapular notch?

Answer 33

transverse scapular ligament; can become calcified

Question 34

What are the locations of the nerve and the artery with respect to the suprascapular notch?

Answer 34

nerve passes below ligament, artery and vein pass above (can be injured)

Question 35

What nerve supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus?

Answer 35

suprascapular nerve

Question 36

What muscles does the axillary nerve supply?

Answer 36

teres minor and deltoid

Question 37

What nerve supplies the latissiumus dorsi?

Answer 37

thoracodorsal nerve

Question 38

What muscles does the 11th cranial nerve supply?

Answer 38

trapezius and the sternoclidomastoid