Joints/Bursa/Synovium Flashcards
Synarthroses def.
bones joined by connective tissue; very limited movement of the joint
Types of synarthroses joints
syndesmosis, synchondrosis, synostosis
Syndesmosis def.
opposed bones joined by fibrous tissue; ex: sutures in the skull that disappear with age
Synchondrosis def.
cartilaginous joint; two bones separated by cartilage which permits very limited movement
Subtypes of synchondrosis joints
epiphyseal plate (hyaline cartilage in a growth plate) , intervertebral disc (fibrocartilage between vertebrae), symphysis (fibrocartilage between two pubic bones)
Synostosis def.
two bones joined together by bone; ex: sutures of skull, bone replaces cartilage; ex: hyaline cartilage of growth plates replaced by bone
Diarthroses def.
synovial joints; moveable joints
Characteristics of diarthroses
synovial space, synovial fluid, fibrous capsule, synovial membrane or sac lining capsule, articular surface that caps underlying bone (usually hyaline cartilage)
Bursae def.
fluid-filled sacs that separate muscles, tendons, skin and fascia from bones
How are synovial joints classified?
by the shape of the articulating surfaces and/or the type of movement they permit
Plane joints
permit gliding or sliding movements (ex: facet joints)
Hinge joints
permit flexion and extension only (humeroulnar joint at the elbow)
Saddle joints
biaxial joints (carpometacarpal joint of the thumb)
condyloid (ellipsoid) joints
biaxial joints which allow movement in two directions, sagittal and coronal (metacarpophalangeal joints)
ball and socket joints
multiaxial articulations (hip joint, shoulder)
