Superficial Back

Question 1

Where are the proximal attachments of the LATISSIMUS DORSI?

Answer 1

(Inferior angle of scapula), spinous process T7-T12, Thoracolumbar fascia, Illiac crest, Ribs 9-12 or 10-12

Question 2

Where are the distal attachments of the LATISSIMUS DORSI?

Answer 2

Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 3

What nerve(s) innervates the LATISSIMUS DORSI?

Answer 3

thoracodorsal nerve C6, C7, C8

Question 4

What are the muscle actions of the LATISSIMUS DORSI?

Answer 4

shoulder extension (think of lat pulldown on a cable machine), shoulder adduction (think of a lat pulldown machine), shoulder internal rotation

raises body towards arms when climbing

Question 5

What are the purposeful activities of the LATISSIMUS DORSI?

Answer 5

wheelchair mobility (propelling a manual wheelchair forward)

Standing from sitting (pushing down on the arms of a chair)

Question 6

Where are the proximal attachments of the TRAPEZIUS?

Answer 6

External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae (nuchal ligament), spinous process C7-T12

Question 7

Where are the distal attachments of the TRAPEZIUS?

Answer 7

lateral 1/3 of clavicle (upper traps), acromion of scapula, spine of scapula

Question 8

What nerve(s) innervates the TRAPEZIUS?

Answer 8

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Ventral rami of C3, C4 (pain/proprioceptive fibers)

Question 9

What are the muscle actions of the UPPER fibers TRAPEZIUS?

Answer 9

bilaterally:
head and neck extension

unilaterally:
head/neck ipsilateral lateral flexion, head/neck contralateral rotation, scapular elevation (Scapulothoracic (ST) Joint), scapular upward rotation (ST joint)

Question 10

What are the muscle actions of the MIDDLE fibers TRAPEZIUS?

Answer 10

scapular adduction/retraction (ST Joint), scapular stabilization (ST Joint)

Question 11

What are the muscle actions of the LOWER fibers TRAPEZIUS?

Answer 11

scapular depression (ST joint), scapular upward rotation (ST joint)

Question 12

What are the purposeful activities of the TRAPEZIUS?

Answer 12

Upper and lower traps: reaching over head for an object

Middle traps: rowing a kayak or canoe

Question 13

What are the distal attachments of the LEVATOR SCAPULAE?

Answer 13

medial border of scapula

Question 13

What are the proximal attachments of the LEVATOR SCAPULAE?

Answer 13

transverse process (TP) C1-C4

Question 14

What innervates the LEVATOR SCAPULAE?

Answer 14

Cervical nerve C3, C4

Dorsal scapular nerve C4, C5

Question 15

What are the muscle actions of the LEVATOR SCAPULAE?

Answer 15

Unilaterally:
scapular elevation, scapular downward rotation

Question 16

What are the purposeful activities of the LEVATOR SCAPULAE?

Answer 16

shrugging the shoulders (non-verbal communication), carrying a briefcase, carrying a backpack on one shoulder

Question 17

Where are the proximal attachments of the RHOMBOID MINOR?

Answer 17

ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T1

Question 18

What are the distal attachments of the RHOMBOID MINOR?

Answer 18

medial border of scapular spine

Question 19

What nerve innervates the RHOMBOID MINOR AND MAJOR?

Answer 19

Dorsal scapular nerve C4, C5

Question 20

What are the muscle actions of the RHOMBOID MINOR & MAJOR?

Answer 20

Scapular adduction/retraction, scapular downward rotation, fix scapula to thoracic wall (all around ST joint)

Question 21

Where are the proximal attachments of the RHOMBOID MAJOR?

Answer 21

Spinous processes T2-T5

Question 22

Where are the distal attachments of the RHOMBOID MAJOR?

Answer 22

medial border of scapula