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PT Anatomy > Intrinsic Back Muscles and Suboccipital Region > Flashcards

Intrinsic Back Muscles and Suboccipital Region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the purposeful activities of the SPLENIUS CAPITIS and SPLENIUS CERVICIS?

A

social interaction and driving

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2
Q

What are the muscle actions of the SPLENIUS CAPITIS and SPLENIUS CERVICIS?

A

Unilaterally:
Neck lateral flexion
Head ipsilateral rotation

Bilaterally:
Head/neck extension

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3
Q

Where are the proximal attachments of the SPLENIUS CAPITIS and SPLENIUS CERVICIS?

A

ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T6

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4
Q

Where are the distal attachments of the SPLENIUS CAPITIS?

A

mastoid process, superior nuchal line (fibers run superolaterally)

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5
Q

Where are the distal attachments of the SPLENIUS CERVICIS?

A

Transverse process C1-C4

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6
Q

What nerves innervate the SPLENIUS CAPITIS and SPLENIUS CERVICIS?

A

posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves

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7
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial layer of the deep back?

A

Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis

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8
Q

What are the intermediate muscles of the deep back?

A

Erector Spinae Group which is composed of the iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis.

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9
Q

What are the purposeful activities of the ERECTOR SPINAE?

A

maintaining an upright posture for ADLs (activities of daily living)/IADLs (instrumental activities of daily living)

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10
Q

What are the muscle actions of the ERECTOR SPINAE?

A

Unilaterally:
Vertebral column ipsilateral lateral flexion

Bilaterally:
Vertebral column extension

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11
Q

Where are the proximal attachments of the ERECTOR SPINAE?

A

common tendon (thoracolumbar fascia) that attaches to the:
- posterior surface of sacrum
-iliac crest
- spinous processes of lumbar and last two thoracic vertebrae

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12
Q

Where are the distal attachments of the ILIOCOSTALIS?

A

lower rib angles and cervical TP

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13
Q

Where are the distal attachments of the LONGISSIMUS?

A

between rib tubercles and angles to thoracic TP

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14
Q

Where are the distal attachments of the SPINALIS?

A

upper thoracic SP and to cranium

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15
Q

What nerves innervate the ERECTOR SPINAE?

A

posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves

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16
Q

What are the muscles of the deep major layer called together?

A

transversospinalis group

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17
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the transversospinalis group?

A

multifidus, rotatores, semispinalis

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18
Q

What are the purposeful activities of the ROTATORES BREVIS and LONGUS?

A

Tai chi or yoga (deep postural stability)

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19
Q

What are the muscle actions of the ROTATORES BREVIS and LONGUS?

A

Unilaterally:
Vertebral column contralateral rotation

Bilaterally:
Vertebral column local extension, may function as organs of proprioception

20
Q

Where are the inferior attachments of the ROTATORES?

A

TP of vertebrae (best developed in thoracic region)

21
Q

Where are the superior attachments of the ROTATORES?

A

SP of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebrae

Span 1-2 segments
-Brevis = 1
-Longus = 2

22
Q

What are the purposeful activities of the multifidus?

A

Tai chi or yoga (deep postural stability)

22
Q

What nerves innervate the ROTATORES?

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

23
Q

What are the muscle actions of the MULTIFIDUS?

A

Unilaterally:
Vertebral column contralateral rotation

Bilaterally:
Vertebral column local extension, Stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column

24
Q

Where are the inferior attachments of the MULTIFIDUS?

A

arises from:
-posterior sacrum
-PSIS (posterior superior iliac spine)
-aponeurosis of erector spinae
-SI ligaments (sacroiliac)
-mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae
-TP T1-T3
-articular processes of C4-C7

25
Q

Where are the superior attachments of the MULTIFIDUS?

A

entire length of SP, span 2-4 segments

(thickest in lumbar region, fibers pass obliquely superomedially)

26
Q

What nerves innervate the MULTIFIDI?

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

27
Q

What are the purposeful activities of the SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS?

A

Using a computer workstation, looking overhead

28
Q

What are the muscle actions of the SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS?

A

Head/neck/thoracic spine extension, head/neck/thoracic spine contralateral rotation

29
Q

Where are the inferior attachments of the SEMISPINALIS?

A

TP of C4-T12

30
Q

Where are the superior attachments of the SEMISPINALIS?

A

Occipital bone, SP in thoracic and cervical regions, span 4-6 segments (fibers run superomedially)

31
Q

What nerves innervate the SEMISPINALIS?

A

cervical dorsal rami of spinal cervical nerves

32
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the suboccipital region?

A

Rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis inferior, obliquus capitis superior

33
Q

Where is the origin (proximal attachment) of the RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR?

A

SP of C2 (axis)

34
Q

Where is the origin (proximal attachment) of the RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR?

A

Posterior tubercle of C1

35
Q

Where is the origin (proximal attachment) of the OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INFERIOR?

A

SP or posterior tubercle of C2 (axis)

36
Q

Where is the origin (proximal attachment) of the OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR?

A

TP of C1

37
Q

Where is the insertion (distal attachment) of the RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR?

A

medial inferior nuchal line

38
Q

Where is the insertion (distal attachment) of the RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR?

A

lateral inferior nuchal line

39
Q

Where is the insertion (distal attachment) of the OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INFERIOR?

A

TP of C1

40
Q

Where is the insertion (distal attachment) of the OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR?

A

Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

41
Q

What nerve innervates all the suboccipital muscles?

A

suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)

42
Q

What are the muscle actions of the RCPminor, RCPmajor, and OCs?

A

rock and tilt head back into extension

43
Q

What are the muscle actions of the RCPmajor/minor and OCi?

A

head ipsilateral rotation

44
Q

What are the muscle actions of the OCs?

A

head ipsilateral lateral flexion

45
Q

What are the purposeful activties of the suboccipitals?

A

scanning a computer monitor and reading a book

PT Anatomy (4 decks)

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