Intrinsic Back Muscles and Suboccipital Region Flashcards
What are the purposeful activities of the SPLENIUS CAPITIS and SPLENIUS CERVICIS?
social interaction and driving
What are the muscle actions of the SPLENIUS CAPITIS and SPLENIUS CERVICIS?
Unilaterally:
Neck lateral flexion
Head ipsilateral rotation
Bilaterally:
Head/neck extension
Where are the proximal attachments of the SPLENIUS CAPITIS and SPLENIUS CERVICIS?
ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T6
Where are the distal attachments of the SPLENIUS CAPITIS?
mastoid process, superior nuchal line (fibers run superolaterally)
Where are the distal attachments of the SPLENIUS CERVICIS?
Transverse process C1-C4
What nerves innervate the SPLENIUS CAPITIS and SPLENIUS CERVICIS?
posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves
What are the muscles of the superficial layer of the deep back?
Splenius Capitis and Splenius Cervicis
What are the intermediate muscles of the deep back?
Erector Spinae Group which is composed of the iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis.
What are the purposeful activities of the ERECTOR SPINAE?
maintaining an upright posture for ADLs (activities of daily living)/IADLs (instrumental activities of daily living)
What are the muscle actions of the ERECTOR SPINAE?
Unilaterally:
Vertebral column ipsilateral lateral flexion
Bilaterally:
Vertebral column extension
Where are the proximal attachments of the ERECTOR SPINAE?
common tendon (thoracolumbar fascia) that attaches to the:
- posterior surface of sacrum
-iliac crest
- spinous processes of lumbar and last two thoracic vertebrae
Where are the distal attachments of the ILIOCOSTALIS?
lower rib angles and cervical TP
Where are the distal attachments of the LONGISSIMUS?
between rib tubercles and angles to thoracic TP
Where are the distal attachments of the SPINALIS?
upper thoracic SP and to cranium
What nerves innervate the ERECTOR SPINAE?
posterior (dorsal) rami of spinal nerves
What are the muscles of the deep major layer called together?
transversospinalis group
What are the 3 muscles of the transversospinalis group?
multifidus, rotatores, semispinalis
What are the purposeful activities of the ROTATORES BREVIS and LONGUS?
Tai chi or yoga (deep postural stability)
What are the muscle actions of the ROTATORES BREVIS and LONGUS?
Unilaterally:
Vertebral column contralateral rotation
Bilaterally:
Vertebral column local extension, may function as organs of proprioception
Where are the inferior attachments of the ROTATORES?
TP of vertebrae (best developed in thoracic region)
Where are the superior attachments of the ROTATORES?
SP of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebrae
Span 1-2 segments
-Brevis = 1
-Longus = 2
What are the purposeful activities of the multifidus?
Tai chi or yoga (deep postural stability)
What nerves innervate the ROTATORES?
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
What are the muscle actions of the MULTIFIDUS?
Unilaterally:
Vertebral column contralateral rotation
Bilaterally:
Vertebral column local extension, Stabilizes vertebrae during local movements of vertebral column
Where are the inferior attachments of the MULTIFIDUS?
arises from:
-posterior sacrum
-PSIS (posterior superior iliac spine)
-aponeurosis of erector spinae
-SI ligaments (sacroiliac)
-mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae
-TP T1-T3
-articular processes of C4-C7
Where are the superior attachments of the MULTIFIDUS?
entire length of SP, span 2-4 segments
(thickest in lumbar region, fibers pass obliquely superomedially)
What nerves innervate the MULTIFIDI?
dorsal rami of spinal nerves
What are the purposeful activities of the SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS?
Using a computer workstation, looking overhead
What are the muscle actions of the SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS?
Head/neck/thoracic spine extension, head/neck/thoracic spine contralateral rotation
Where are the inferior attachments of the SEMISPINALIS?
TP of C4-T12
Where are the superior attachments of the SEMISPINALIS?
Occipital bone, SP in thoracic and cervical regions, span 4-6 segments (fibers run superomedially)
What nerves innervate the SEMISPINALIS?
cervical dorsal rami of spinal cervical nerves
What are the 4 muscles of the suboccipital region?
Rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis inferior, obliquus capitis superior
Where is the origin (proximal attachment) of the RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR?
SP of C2 (axis)
Where is the origin (proximal attachment) of the RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR?
Posterior tubercle of C1
Where is the origin (proximal attachment) of the OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INFERIOR?
SP or posterior tubercle of C2 (axis)
Where is the origin (proximal attachment) of the OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR?
TP of C1
Where is the insertion (distal attachment) of the RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR?
medial inferior nuchal line
Where is the insertion (distal attachment) of the RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR?
lateral inferior nuchal line
Where is the insertion (distal attachment) of the OBLIQUUS CAPITIS INFERIOR?
TP of C1
Where is the insertion (distal attachment) of the OBLIQUUS CAPITIS SUPERIOR?
Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
What nerve innervates all the suboccipital muscles?
suboccipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C1)
What are the muscle actions of the RCPminor, RCPmajor, and OCs?
rock and tilt head back into extension
What are the muscle actions of the RCPmajor/minor and OCi?
head ipsilateral rotation
What are the muscle actions of the OCs?
head ipsilateral lateral flexion
What are the purposeful activties of the suboccipitals?
scanning a computer monitor and reading a book
