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Earth Science > Sun, Moon, & Eclipses > Flashcards

Sun, Moon, & Eclipses Flashcards

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1
Q

The changing appearance of the Moon as seen from Earth when different amounts of the Moon are lit up by the Sun.

A

Moon Phases

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2
Q

The phase when we see the Moon completely lit up.

A

Full Moon

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3
Q

The phase when we see less than half of the Moon lit up.

A

Crescent Moon

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4
Q

The phase when we see half of the Moon lit up.

A

Quarter Moon

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5
Q

The phase when we see more than half of the Moon lit up.

A

Gibbous Moon

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6
Q

The phase when we can’t see the Moon because the night side is facing us.

A

New Moon

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7
Q

The time it takes for the Moon to orbit Earth.

A

28 days ( one Moonth!)

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8
Q

Anything related to the Moon.

A

Lunar

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9
Q

Any part of the Lunar cycle where the Moon appears to grow bigger each day.

A

Waxing

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10
Q

Any part of the Lunar cycle where the Moon appears to shrink smaller each day.

A

Waning

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11
Q

Large, smooth, dark areas on the Moon formed by lava flows. Ancient people thought that they were oceans.

A

Maria

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12
Q

Rocky, cratered, light regions of the Moon with mountains.

A

Lunar Highlands

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13
Q

A circular hole formed by a volcanic eruption.

A

Volcanic Crater

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14
Q

A circular hole formed when a meteor crashed into a planet or moon.

A

Impact Crater

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15
Q

Lines of material blasted out of an impact crater.

A

Rays

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16
Q

The rock, sand, and dust blasted out of an impact crater.

A

Ejecta

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17
Q

The layer of sand and dust that covers the surface of the Moon, kind of like soil.

A

Regolith

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18
Q

A curving valley on the Moon formed when the crust cooled and shrank.

A

Rille

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19
Q

Describe the temperatures on the Moon.

A

Hotter than Earth during the day, but colder than Earth at night.

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20
Q

Describe the atmosphere of the Moon.

A

There is almost NO atmosphere on the Moon!

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21
Q

Describe erosion on the Moon.

A

Since there is no water and no air, the Moon does not have wind or water erosion. However, meteor impacts can erode the Lunar surface.

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22
Q

Describe the Moon’s geology.

A

Most Moon rocks are volcanic. The Moon has small Moonquakes.

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23
Q

The first person to walk on the Moon was….

A

Neil Armstrong

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24
Q

The first mission to land on the Moon was…

A

Apollo 11

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25
Q

The Moon mission that almost ended in disaster after an explosion, but was able to solve the problem and return to Earth safely.

A

Apollo 13

26
Q

Later Moon missions brought this device that helped them cover more ground than walking.

A

The Lunar Rover

27
Q

Describe the gravity on the Moon.

A

Less than Earth (about 1/6), so it is easy to jump a long distance and launch spacecraft.

28
Q

The “surface” of the Sun that we see every day - it’s name translates to “the ball of light.”

A

Photosphere

29
Q

The pinkish layer of the Sun just above the surface - it’s name translates to “the ball of color.”

A

Chromosphere

30
Q

The thin (but super hot) outer layer of the Sun - it’s name translates to “the crown.”

A

Corona

31
Q

A gap in the corona where the solar wind exits the Sun.

A

Coronal Hole

32
Q

An extension of the corona reaching farther out into space.

A

Coronal Streamer

33
Q

A curving pink eruption rising up from the chromosphere.

A

Prominence

34
Q

A massive explosion sending particles and energy off of the Sun.

A

Solar Flare

35
Q

A continuous stream of electrically charged particles that flow off of the Sun into space.

A

Solar Wind

36
Q

The center of the Sun where energy is released by nuclear fusion.

A

Core

37
Q

The solar layer above the core where energy travels outward by radiation.

A

Radiative Zone

38
Q

The solar layer below the photosphere where energy travels outward by convection.

A

Convective Zone

39
Q

The process that the Sun uses to release energy.

A

Nuclear Fusion

40
Q

The fuel used by the Sun tin nuclear fusion, which makes up most of the Sun’s mass.

A

Hydrogen

41
Q

The result of nuclear fusion, which makes up a small part of the Sun’s mass.

A

Helium

42
Q

Describe the process of nuclear fusion.

A

Four hydrogen atoms are smashed together by the strong gravity inside the Sun, which turns them into one helium atom while releasing energy.

42
Q

Anything related to the Sun.

A

Solar

42
Q

The distance between Earth and the Sun.

A

One Astronomical Unit, which equals about 93 million miles.

43
Q

Dark regions in the photosphere that are cooler than their surroundings. Usually they occur in pairs that are connected by magnetic fields.

A

Sunspots

44
Q

The fourth state of matter (after solid, liquid, and gas) which is a superheated gas that has lost its electrons - superhot and electrified, it makes up most of the Sun.

A

Plasma

45
Q

An event when the Moon blocks out the Sun as the Moon’s shadow passes over the Earth.

A

Solar Eclipse

46
Q

When the Moon completely blocks out the Sun, it results in a…

A

Total Solar Eclipse

47
Q

When the Moon only blocks off part of the Sun, it causes a…

A

Partial Solar Eclipse

48
Q

These parts of the Sun are only visible during a total solar eclipse.

A

Corona and Prominences

49
Q

The full shadow of the Moon that causes a total solar eclipse.

A

Umbra

50
Q

The incomplete shadow of the Moon that causes a total solar eclipse.

A

Penumbra

51
Q

Which Moon phase is the only time that a solar eclipse can occur?

A

New Moon

52
Q

How much of the Earth can see a total solar eclipse?

A

Only a narrow line about 100 miles across and 1000 miles long.

53
Q

How long does a partial solar eclipse last?

A

A couple of hours.

54
Q

How long does a total solar eclipse last?

A

A few minutes.

55
Q

Describe how to safely view a solar eclipse.

A

Eye protection is required during the partial eclipse, but the total eclipse is completely safe to look at with the naked eye.

56
Q

Describe the diamond ring effect.

A

The Moon blocks off 99% of the Sun, leaving a single bright spot of photosphere shining, while the corona starts to appear on the other side of the Sun.

57
Q

List the stages of a total solar eclipse.

A

Partial eclipse, diamond ring effect, totality, diamond ring effect, partial eclipse. PS - when the stages repeat, they are on the opposite side of the Sun than when they started.

58
Q
A

Earth Science (6 decks)

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