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histo 2 > sun > Flashcards

sun Flashcards

1
Q

Where is cortical bone located? trabecular?

A

cortical bone located on outside

trabecular on inside

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2
Q

What is the main functional unit of cortical bone?

A

the haversion system (secondary osteon)

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3
Q

What is the main cell component of the osteon?

A

osteocyte

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4
Q

What are the connections between osteons called?

A

volkmann’s canals

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5
Q

What are the three different types of lamellae in cortical bone and where would you find them?

A

concentric lamellae: around central canals

circumferential lamellae: running parallel to bone surface

interstitial lamellae: in between osteons (left over from remodeling)

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6
Q

What is the main type of collagen in bone?

A

type I

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7
Q

What cells come from the mesenchymal lineage?

A

osteoblasts and osteocytes

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8
Q

What cells come from the hematopoietic lineage?

A

osteoclasts

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9
Q

Which is mono nucleated: osteoblasts or osteoclasts

A

osteoblasts

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10
Q

What are the major functions of osteoblasts

A

synthesize and secrete ECM

regulate matrix mineralization

regulate osteoclasts through molecular interactions (RANKL/OPG)

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11
Q

What is the function of RANKL?

A

stimulates osteoclasts differentiation/maturation

aka promotes bone resorption

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12
Q

What is the function of OPG?

A

competitively inhibits RANKL from binding, indirectly inhibiting osteoclast maturation

aka down regulates bone resorption

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13
Q

What type of cell maintains bone? location?

A

osteocytes

in lacunae in bone matrix

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14
Q

What is the most abundant cell type in bone?

A

osteocyte

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15
Q

What is the main function of osteocytes

A

regulate blasts/clasts through their long cell processes

maintain bone vitality and function

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16
Q

What is the function of sclerostin (SOST)?

A

important for mechanical loading

when a load is placed on bone, SOST regulates the RANKL/OPG system

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17
Q

What happens if a load is placed on bone?

A

RANKL decreases
OPG increases

(decrease resorption–want more mineralized bone)

SOST regulates this

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18
Q

What type of cells do osteocytes come from?

A

osteoblasts

mesenchyme stem cell lineage

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19
Q

What are the two important transcription factors that regulate mesenchymal stem cell differentiation?

A

RUNX2

OSX

20
Q

What are some key features of osteoclasts?

A

abundant mitochondria

have vesicles with acid phosphatase

ruffled border which pumps H+ ions out for demineralization

21
Q

What are the main functions of osteoclasts?

A

demineralize bone
degrade organic matrix
endocytosis of degraded products

22
Q

What are the two mechanisms of bone formation

A

endochondral (form cartilage first)

intramembranous (directly from periosteum)

23
Q

What kind of bone formation makes long bones?

A

endochondral

24
Q

What kind of bone formation makes the maxilla?

A

intramembranous (surface and sutures)

25
Q

What kind of bone formation makes the mandible?

A

endochondral (condyles)

intramembranous (surface)

26
Q

Whats the difference between bone modeling and remodeling?

A

in bone modeling, the overall shape and size of the bone changes because formation/resorption are happening at different locations. In bone remodeling, shape and size do not change because formation/resorption happen in the same location.

27
Q

Where does bone remodeling happen in trabecular bone?

A

bone surfaces

lots of bone/marrow interfaces in trabecular bone

28
Q

Which lasts longer: formation or resorption?

A

formation

29
Q

Which remodels faster: trabecular or cortical?

A

trabecular

30
Q

What is the bone that lines the tooth socket called?

A

bundle bone

31
Q

What is immediately surrounding the bundle bone, closer to the bones surface?

A

cortical bone

32
Q

Does the alveolar bone have cortical or trabecular bone?

A

both.

at the cervical 1/3 there is only cortical bone

33
Q

Which is closer to the tooth, bundle bone or supporting bone?

A

bundle bone

34
Q

Where are Sharpey’s fibers inserted?

A

the bundle bone

35
Q

True or false: bundle bone has a higher degree of mineralization than the surrounding bone, hence why is it radiopaque

A

FALSE

bundle bone does not have a higher degree of mineralization than supporting bone

36
Q

Are there normally osteoclasts located near the PDL?

A

no

37
Q

What would happen if a child’s teeth didnt erupt?

A

poor development of alveolar bone

38
Q

What type of cells contribute to craniofacial development?

A

neural crest cells

39
Q

How does the alveolar bone grow during development?

A

through bone modeling, moving buccally

The surface of the buccal bone grows, while the bundle bone of the buccal side and the lingual surface undergo resorption.

40
Q

Should the interdental septum of bone be removed during ortho tooth movement?

A

no

41
Q

Upon receiving a compressive force, what happens to the PDL?

A

it can detach (but should reattach)

on compressive side, you will need to recruit osteoclasts from the PDL blood flow or adjacent alveolar bone

42
Q

What happens if you apply to hard of a force on the PDL?

A

you occlude the blood vessels and now you can’t get osteoclasts from the normal circulation, you have to get them from the surrounding alveolar bone (which requires breaking that bone down to get access to the compression site)

43
Q

What kind of cells are recruited for the compression side? What are their sources?

A

osteoclasts

blood supply from PDL or adjacent alveolar bone

44
Q

What kind of cells are recruited for the tension side? What are their sources?

A

osteoblasts

mesenchymal stem cells in PDL and bone marrow

bone lining cells

45
Q

What are risk factors for alveolar bone loss?

A 
periodontal disease
pathology
systemic diseases
side effects of medication
trauma, parafunction, excessive orthodontic force

histo 2 (8 decks)

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