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Astronomy > Sun 2 > Flashcards

Sun 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What source of energy powers the sun

A

Nuclear reactions

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2
Q

WhT is the strong force a result of

A

Interactions between quarks and massless force carrier particles called gluons

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3
Q

What color can quarks and gluons be

A

Red, green or blue

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4
Q

The color of the quark determines….

A

How it interacts

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5
Q

The strong force ____ with distance

A

Increases

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6
Q

What happens when you pull quarks apart with the strong force

A

So much energy is needs to counter the force that a new quark is created p

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7
Q

Quarks are allows found ____

A

In groups

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8
Q

What is a hadron

A

Group of quarks

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9
Q

What is the most implant example of a hadron

A

Protons and neutrons

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10
Q

What is the nuclear force

A

A residual of the strong force

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11
Q

The nuclear force keep_____ together

A

Atomic nuclei

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12
Q

What causes the nuclear force

A

The collection of quarks is colorless however when a tiny bit of color leaks outside the nuclear force is caused

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13
Q

The unclear force is ____ at very short distances

A

Repulsive

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14
Q

The weak force causes

A

Flavor change, particles change from one to another

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15
Q

What can the weak force cause

A

Beta decay

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16
Q

What is the weak force

A

Interactions between subatomic particles and three force carriers, W+, W- and Z bosons

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17
Q

What are leptons

A

Elementary particles that do not experience the strong force

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18
Q

Hadrons can be divided into

A

Baryons and mesons

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19
Q

Baryons have ___ quarks

A

3

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20
Q

Mesons have ____ quarks

A

2

21
Q

Protons and neutrons are

A

Baryons

22
Q

What are fermions

A

Particles that have spins with a 1/2 in them like 1 1/2, 2 1/2

23
Q

What are bosons

A

Particles with integer spins like 0,1,2,3

24
Q

Fermions experience the

A

Pauli exclusion principal

25
Q

What is the Pauli exclusion principle

A

When two fermions cannot occupy the exact same quantum state

26
Q

All the force carrier particles are

A

Bosons

27
Q

All leptons are

A

Fermions

28
Q

A proton is made up of

A

2 up quarks and 1 down quark

29
Q

A neutron is made up of

A

1 up quark and 2 down quarks

30
Q

Which element has the most stable nucleus

A

Iron

31
Q

What are the two ways to move towards higher stability

A

Fusion and fission

32
Q

What is fission

A

Splitting the nuclei

33
Q

What is fusion

A

Combing nuclei

34
Q

What is the Coulomb barrier(electric repulsion)

A

The closer two protons get, the stronger the repulsive electric force

35
Q

How does the sun generate energy

A

The proton proton chain

36
Q

The sun is made up of

A

Plasma, ionized gas

37
Q

Pressure in a fixed volume of gas increases with

A

Temp

38
Q

Pressure in a fixed volume increases with

A

More particles

39
Q

What is a hydrostatic equilibrium

A

Outward pressure is balanced by inward gravity

40
Q

What is energy transport

A

Conduction, direct collisions of atoms and molecules

41
Q

What is convection

A

Hot air rises, cool air sinks, transfers energy upward

42
Q

What is a random walk

A

Each time a photon gets scattered or absorbed and remitted it changes direction

43
Q

Energy transport: radiation

A

Photons created by the sun slowly move outward constantly getting absorbed and remitted by gas particles

44
Q

Photons ___ out of the sun

A

Random walk

45
Q

Neutrinos ____ out of the sun

A

Stream directly

46
Q

What is needed in order for two protons to fuse

A

High temps

47
Q

What is the overall process of fusing hydrogen into helium

A

4 free protons fuse into a helium nucleus

48
Q

As we move outward in the sun what increases

A

Hydrogen fraction, cumulative luminosity

49
Q

As we move outward in the sun what decreases

A

Temp, density

Astronomy (13 decks)

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