Summer Vocab Flashcards
Nature vs nurture
Do human traits develop through experience or genetics
Define psychology
Scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Humanistic psychology
Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people
Natural selection
Nature selects those that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Biopsychosocial
Considers the influence of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors
Counseling
Assists people with problems in living and achieving greater well being
Clinical psychology
Assists and treats mental, emotional and behavior disorders
Psychiatry
Medicine dealing with psychological disorders
Critical thinking
Examines assumptions, discerns, hidden value, evaluates evidence and assess conclusions
Replication
Repeating the essence of a study with different people in different situations
Hindsight bias
Learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it
False consensus effect
Tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
Correlation
Measure of the extent to which two factors vary together
Illusory correlation
A perceived nonexistent correlation
Random assignment
Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance
Standard deviation
A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
Statistical significance
A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
Social psychology
Study of how we think about influence and relate to one another
Conformity
Adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
Social facilitation
Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
Deindividuation
The loss of self awareness and self-restraint in situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Group polarization
If a group is like-minded, discussion strengthens it’s prevailing opinions
Stereotype
A generalized belief about a group of people
Scapegoat theory
Theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
Just-world phenomenon
Tendency of people to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
Social trap
Situation in which the conflicting parties by each rationally pursuing their self interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
Mere exposure effect
The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increase likening of them
Passionate love
An aroused state of intensive positive absorption in another
Compassionate love
Deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
Altruism
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Social exchange theory
The theory that our social behaviors is an exchange process the aim of which is to minimize benefits and cost
G.R.I.T
Graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension-reduction
A strategy to decrease international tensions
