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Geography > Summer term exam > Flashcards

Summer term exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of development?

A

Development is the process whereby people’s lives will get better.

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2
Q

What is a HIC?

A

A High Income Country

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3
Q

What is a MIC?

A

A Middle Income Country

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4
Q

WHat is a LIC?

A

A Low Income Country

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5
Q

What is a NEE?

A

A Newly Emerging Economy

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6
Q

What does Life expectancy at birth mean?

A

An estimated age a baby will live for

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7
Q

What does Infant mortality mean?

A

It means how many babies that will die before their first birthday per 1000 people

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8
Q

What does Birth rate mean?

A

The number of live births per 1000 people per year

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9
Q

What does GNI per capita (ppp) mean?

A

The total income recieved by the country from its residents

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10
Q

What does Fertillity rate mean?

A

The average number of childeren a mother would have

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11
Q

What does the Median age mean?

A

The age whereby half the population are above and half below that age.

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12
Q

What is the Stool of Sustainability?

A

To develop fully, a country cannot have just economic development. It needs to be socially and evironmentally developed to. The stool of Sustainablility shows this, to make a country developed you need the three things. Economic, social and environmental development.

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13
Q

What is a development gap?

A

A development gap is the term used to show the gap between the poor countries and the rich countries.

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14
Q

What does Pastoral mean?

A

Animals are reared

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15
Q

What does Arable mean?

A

Crops are being grown

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16
Q

What does Mixed mean

A

Both Arable and Pastoral farming on the same farm

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17
Q

What does Subistence Agriculture mean?

A

The farmer grows food for their own family

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18
Q

What does Commercial Agriculture mean?

A

Farmers sell their products for profit

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19
Q

What does Intensive mean?

A

Time, money, and/or labour is invested into the farm

20
Q

What does Extensive mean?

A

Less mone, time or labour is invested into the farm

21
Q

What is food security?

A

Food security means having access to enough safe affordable and nutritious food to maintain a healthy life style.

22
Q

What are some factors that affect food security?

A

Landmines, Climate Change, Poverty, Pests, Level of Technology and Population Density

23
Q

What are the 4 plate boundries? What do they look like? What natural hazards do they produce and why? Destructive

A

Destructive Plate Margins: They occur when and oceanic crust meets a continental crust.

24
Q

What are the 4 plate boundries? What do they look like? What natural hazards do they produce and why? Constructive

A

Constructive Plate Margins: Most commonly where two plates move apart.

25
Q

What are the 4 plate boundries? What do they look like? What natural hazards do they produce and why? Conservative

A

Conservative Plate Margins: Plates move relative to each other, but a crust is neither made or destroyed.

26
Q

What are the 4 plate boundries? What do they look like? What natural hazards do they produce and why? Collision

A

Collision Plate Margins: Where two continental plates colide.

27
Q

What are the 4 layers of our earth and what is their characteristics? The Crust

A

The Crust: It is the earth’s thinnest layer, it is hard and rigid, and it is only a few miles think under the oceans and it averages 20 miles thick under the continents.

28
Q

What are the 4 layers of our earth and what is their characteristics? The Mantle

A

The Mantle: It is a dense layer subdivided into upper and lower regions. It is made of hot and semisolid rock located directly below the crust and it is about 1,800 miles thick.

29
Q

What are the 4 layers of our earth and what is their characteristics? The Outer Core

A

The Outer Core: It is the only liquid layer of the earth, it is made up of mostly iron and nickel. It is located about 2000 miles below the surface.

30
Q

What are the 4 layers of our earth and what is their characteristics? The Inner Core

A

The Inner Core: It is the innermost layer, it is extremely hot and solid. It is composed of mostly iron and nickel.

31
Q

What are the 2 theories of plate movement? Convection Current

A

Convection Current: There are convection currents within the mantle. They are caused by the heat from radioactive decay in the core.

32
Q

What are the 2 theories of plate movement? Slab pull and Ridge Push

A

Slab pull: As the crust starts to subduct it keeps going under due to gravity. Ridge Push: Where the crust has been pushed up it flows down due to gravity.

33
Q

What was the problem with the Convection Currents theory?

A

There was a problem with the convection currents theory and it was that some plates where moving faster than the convection currents that they are floating on.

34
Q

How are earthquakes caused?

A

Earthsquakes happen when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. The surface where they slip is called the fault or the fault plane.

35
Q

How are earthquakes measured?

A

Earthquakes area measured on the Moment Magnitude Scale (MMS) or (MW). The scale goes from 0-10. It measures the total amount of energy released by the earthquake.

36
Q

How do volcanoes form on plate boundaries and hot spots?

A

Volcanoes form when one tectonic plate moves under another. Usually a thin oceanic plate moves under a thicker continental plate. Then when enough magma builds up in the magma chamber, it forces its way up to the surface and erupts, often causing volcanic eruptions.

37
Q

How can volcanoes be classified? Active

A

An active volcano is one that has erupted recenty, and there is the possubility that it may eruprt again.

38
Q

How can volcanoes be classified? Dormant

A

A dormant volcano is one that has not erupted for a long time, however, it may still erupt in the future.

39
Q

How can volcanoes be classified? Extinct

A

An extinct volcano is one which has erupted thousands of years ago, but it will probably never erupt again.

40
Q

What are some of the features of a volcano?

A

Crater, main vent, volcanic bombs, lava flow, cone, side vent, magma chamber, ash, secondary cone, steam, layers of hardened rock and ash and ash cloud

41
Q

Was the 2010 Haiti earthquake a natural disaster?

A

The Haiti earthquake is a natural disaster because it left the country in ruins. With approximately 3 million people affected by the 2010 Haiti earthquake, it is considered as the most devastating natural disaster ever to be experienced in Haiti.

42
Q

What happened in Montserrat in 1997?

A

In 1997 Montserrat had a volcanic eruption which killed 19 people. It burried the capital city of Montserrat, Plymouth and after it had lost half of its population from people fleeing. The country was left in a mess as most of their money came from tourism but because of the eruption no people came so they needed help from the UK and France.

43
Q

What is a mega city?

A

A mega city has 10 million people living in it

44
Q

What is a meta city?

A

A meta city has 20 million people living in it

45
Q

How can slums be improved?

A

Slums can improve by getting help from SPARC (Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centres) which is an NGO that supports people so they can live a better, healthy, hygenic lifestyle. It is a charity where they allow the local people to give ideas to SPARC and then SPARC gives the people the materials and the things they need for the idea and then the local people apply the materials to their slums.

46
Q

What are some ways that cities can become more sustainable?

A

Promoting urban agriculture, Encouraging healthy diets, Reducing and managing food waste, Boosting green spaces for healthier environments and improved lifesyles and Reconnecting cities with surrounding rural areas

Geography (4 decks)

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