Summary of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards
drains interstitial fluid from the tissues
and returns it to the blood. The plasma of the blood seeps into the extracellular space, becoming interstitial fluid The endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries overlap, so once the
interstitial pressure builds up, the fluid pushes the endothelial cells apart, flowing into the lymphatic capillaries. Once in the lymphatic capillaries, the interstitial fluid is called lymph,
which travels to one of the subclavian veins and back into the bloodstream.
lymphatic system
The major organs of the lymphatic system are the
lymph nodes, thymus and spleen.
remove debris and pathogens from the lymph.
Lymph nodes
The _________ filters the blood, removes pathogens and damaged red blood cells from the blood, and initiates the immune response in the body.
spleen
The __________ is responsible for the maturation of T cells (T lymphocytes) that originate in the red bone marrow.
thymus
are specialized to easily absorb interstitial fluid, because their cells overlap and act like valves.
Lymphatic capillaries
The flow of lymph through the lymphatic system proceeds from lymphatic capillaries into lymphatic vessels. After being filtered by lymph nodes, the lymph continues through larger lymphatic vessels, and then into even larger lymphatic trunks. Next, the lymph drains into either the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct; it is finally emptied into the
bloodstream through one of the subclavian veins
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are similar to veins in that they are thin
walled and contain one-way valves.
Lymphatic vessels
consists of three levels of defense: (1) barrier defenses, such as the skin and mucous membranes; (2) innate immune response; and (3) adaptive immune response.
immune system
Barrier defenses, such as the _______, act to prevent pathogens from entering the internal tissues of the body.
skin
act quickly and respond to the presence of many types of pathogens. These defense
mechanisms are performed by granular white blood cells and phagocytes.
Innate (nonspecific)defenses
act more slowly, but are more effective than innate responses. Adaptive defenses are
performed by lymphocytes (T cells and B cells), each of which responds to the presence of only one type of pathogen.
Adaptive (specific)defenses
The three levels of defense cooperate in act in a specific order. The barrier defenses act fist, by attempting to keep pathogens from entering the body. Once pathogens do enter the body, the innate defenses act quickly to attempt to prevent infection. Finally, the adaptive defenses act to prevent an infection by a specific type of pathogen
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act to prevent pathogens from entering the
body, to prevent infections. The main _________________ are the skin, mucous membranes, and their various secretions, such as sweat, acid and enzymes in the stomach, and lysozyme in the saliva.
Barrier defenses
act on pathogens once they have entered the body. The main cells that are responsible for ___________________ are phagocytes (macrophages and neutrophils), natural killer cells, and granulocytes. The soluble mediators are cytokines and chemokines.
innate immune responses
