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TFN > Summary Of Nursing Theories > Flashcards

Summary Of Nursing Theories Flashcards

1
Q

defines theory as “a construct that accounts for or organizes some phenomenon. A nursing theory, then, describes or explains nursing.”

A

Barnum

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2
Q

With the formulation of different theories, concepts, and ideas in nursing it:

It guides nurses in their practice knowing what is

A

nursing and what is not nursing.

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3
Q

With the formulation of different theories, concepts, and ideas in nursing it:

It helps in the formulations of

A

standards, policies and laws

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4
Q

With the formulation of different theories, concepts, and ideas in nursing it:

It will help the people to understand the ____ & ___ accountability of nurses.

A

competencies and professional

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5
Q

With the formulation of different theories, concepts, and ideas in nursing it:

It will help define the role of the nurse in the ___ health care team.

A

multidisciplinary

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6
Q

What are the metaparadigm

A

Person
Health
Environment
Nursing

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7
Q

refers to all human beings
are the recipients of nursing care; they include individuals, families, comm unities, and groups.

A

Person

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8
Q

includes factors that affect individuals internally and externally. It means not only in the everyday surroundings but all setting where nursing care is provided.

A

Environment

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9
Q

is central to all nursing theories. Definitions of ___ describe what nursing is, what nurses do, and how nurses interact with clients. Most nursing theories address each of the four central concepts implicitly or explicitly

A

nursing

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10
Q

To develop interpersonal interaction between client and nurse

A

Hildegard peplau (1952)

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11
Q

Interpersonal theoretical model emphasizing relationship between client and nurse

A

Hildegard peplau

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12
Q

To deliver nursing care for whole individual

A

Faye abdellah (1960)

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13
Q

Problem solving based on 21 nursing problems

A

Faye abdellah (1960)

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14
Q

To help client gain independence as 14 basic needs rapidly as possible

A

Virginia henderson

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15
Q

To help client and family to cope with and find meaning in experience of illness

A

Joyce travelbee

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16
Q

Interpersonal theory emphasizing nurse-client relationship

A

Joyce travelbee

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17
Q

To reduce stress so that client can recover as quickly as possible

A

Dorothy johnson

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18
Q

Adaptation model based on seven behavioral sub-systems

A

Dorothy johnson

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19
Q

To help client achieve maximal level of wellness

A

Martha rogers

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20
Q

“Unitary man” evolving along life process

A

Martha rogers

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21
Q

To use communication to help client to reestablish positive adaptation to environment

A

Imogene king

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22
Q

Nursing process as dynamic interpersonal state between nurse and client

A

Imogene king

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23
Q

To care for and help client to attain self-care

A

Dorothea orem

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24
Q

Self-care deficit theory

A

Dorothea orem

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25
Q

To assist individuals, families, and groups to attain and maintain maximal level of total wellness by purposeful interventions

A

Betty neuman

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26
Q

Systems model of nursing practice having stress reduction as its goal; nursing actions in one of three levels: primary, secondary, or tertiary

A

Betty neuman

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27
Q

To use conservation activities aimed at optimal use of client’s resources

A

Myra levine

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28
Q

Adaptation model of human as integrated whole based on “four conservation principles of nursing”

A

Myra levine

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29
Q

To identify types o demands placed on client and client’s adaptation to them

A

Sister callista roy

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30
Q

Adaptation model based on four adaptive modes; physiological, psychological, sociological, and independence

A

Sister callista roy

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31
Q

To promote health, restore clients to health, and prevent illness (Marriner-Tomey, 1989)

A

Jean watson

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32
Q

Philosophy and science of caring: caring is an interpersonal process comprising interventions that result in meeting human needs (Torres, 1986)

A

Jean watson

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33
Q

Modeling & Role-Modeling Theory (MRM)

A

Erickson, Tomlin & Swain

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34
Q

Life Perspective Rhythm Model

A

Fitzpatrick, Joyce J.

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35
Q

Core, Care and Cure Model

A

Hall, Lydia E.

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36
Q

Definition of Nursing

A

Henderson, Virginia

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37
Q

Systems Framework and Theory of Goal Attainment

A

King, Imogene M.

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38
Q

Theory of Comfort

A

Kolcaba, Katharine

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39
Q

Transcultural Nursing Model

A

Leininger, Madeleine

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40
Q

The Conservation Model

A

Levine, Myra Estrin

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41
Q

Nursing Philosophy

A

Martinsen, Kari

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42
Q

Maternal Role Attainment

A

Mercer, Ramona T.

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43
Q

The Neuman Systems Model

A

Neuman, Betty

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44
Q

Theory of Human Becoming

A

Parse, Rosemarie Rizzo

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45
Q

Interpersonal Relations Model

A

Peplau, Hildegard E.

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46
Q

The Science of Unitary Human Beings

A

Rogers, Martha E.

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47
Q

The Elements of Nursing: A Model for Nursing Based on a Model of Living

A

Roper, Logan & Tierney

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48
Q

The adaptation model

A

Roy, Callista

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49
Q

Theory of Caring in Nursing

A

Watson, Jean

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50
Q

The Helping Art of Clinical Nursing

A

Wiedenbach, Ernestine

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51
Q

Health as Expanding Consciousness

A

Neuman, Margaret

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52
Q

(Systemic approach to health care)

A

Nightingale, Florence

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53
Q

Self-Care Deficit Nursing theory

A

Orem, Dorothea E.

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54
Q

Nursing Process Theory

A

Orlando, Ida Jean

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55
Q

Developed and described the first theory of nursing

A

Florence nightingale

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56
Q

Focused on changing and manipulating environment in order to put the patient in the best possible conditions for nature to act.

A

Florence nightingale

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57
Q

Florence nightingale

Identified 5 environmental factors:

A

fresh air
pure water
efficient drainage
cleanliness/sanitation
light/direct sunlight.

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58
Q

___’s environment is manipulated to include appropriate nose, nutrition, hygiene, light, comfort, socialization and hope.

A

Client

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59
Q

“Nursing knowledge is distinct from medical knowledge”

A

Florence nightingale

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60
Q

“Holistic individual and recognized nursing of the sick and nursing of well”

A

Florence nightingale

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61
Q

“Holistic individual and recognized nursing of the sick and nursing of well”

A

Florence nightingale

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62
Q

‹ Nightingale’s __ canons, health promotion and spiritual distress identified to her theory

A

13

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63
Q

” The Legacy of Caring”
“ Notes of Nursing: What it is, What it is not”
“ In nurturing environment, the body could repair itself”

A

Florence nightingale

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64
Q

“The most important practical lessons that can be given to nurses is to teach them the what ___.

A

to observe-how-to-observe

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65
Q

If you can not get the habit of observation one way or the other. You had better give up to be a nurse, for it is not your calling however kind and anxious you may be

A

Florence nightingale

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66
Q

Florence nightingale was Born in ___ in Florence, Italy

A

May 12, 1820

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67
Q

Institution of Deaconesses at ___ training 3 months studied nursing.

A

Kaisersworth,
Germany

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68
Q

Crimean war - wounded soldiers

A

Florence nightingale

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69
Q

School of Nursing at St. Thomas
Hospital in England

A

Florence nightingale

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70
Q

The First Lady of Nursing,”

A

Virginia Henderson

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71
Q

“The Nightingale of Modern
Nursing,”

A

Virginia Henderson

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72
Q

“Modern-Day Mother of Nursing,”

“The 20th Century Florence
Nightingale.”

A

Virginia Henderson

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73
Q

Introduced The Nature of Nursing Model

A

Virginia Henderson

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74
Q

• Breathing normally
• Eliminating bondy wadequately
• Moving and maintaining desirable position
• Sleeping and resting
Selecting suitable clothes
Maintaining body temperature within normal range
Keeping the body clean and well-groomed
Avoidin daing in the evironment
• Worshipping according to one’s faith
Working in such a way that one feels a sense of accomplishment
• Playing/participating in various forms of recreation
Learning, discovering or satisfying the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and using available health facilities.

A

14 basic needs

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75
Q

She postulated that the unique function of the nurse is to assists the clients, sick or well in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery, that clients would perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will or knowledge.

A

Virginia Henderson

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76
Q

Believed that nursing involves in assisting the client in gaining independence as rapidly as possible or assisting him achieved peaceful death if recovery is no longer possible.

A

Virginia Henderson

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77
Q

Virginia Henderson

Individual requiring assistance to achieve health and independence or a peaceful death. Mind and body are inseparable.

A

Person

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78
Q

Virginia Henderson

All external conditions and influences that affect life and development

A

Environment

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79
Q

Virginia Henderson

Equated with independence, viewed in terms of the client’s ability to perform 14 components of nursing care unaided: breathing, eating, drinking, maintaining comfort, sleeping, resting clothing,
maintaining body temperature, ensuring safety, communicating, worshiping, working,
recreation, and continuing development.

A

Health

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80
Q

Virginia Henderson

Assists and supports the individual in life activities and the attainment of independence

A

Nursing

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81
Q

Virginia Henderson’s was patterned with?

A

Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

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82
Q

VIRGINIA HENDERSON

What are the characteristics of Basic Human Needs?

A
  1. Needs are universal
  2. Needs may be met in different ways
  3. Needs may be stimulated by external and internal factor
  4. Priorities may be deferred
  5. Needs are interrelated
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83
Q

VIRGINIA HENDERSON

What are the 2 additional needs by Maslow

A

Need to Know
Need to understand

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84
Q

Each individual has ____, but certain needs are common to all people

A

unique characteristics

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85
Q

A need is something that is ____, useful or necessary

A

Desirable

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86
Q

Human needs are ____ that an individual must meet to achieve a state of health or wellbeing

A

physiological and psychologic conditions

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87
Q

Oxygen
Fluids
Nutrition
Body Temperature
Elimination
Rest and Sleep
Sex

A

Physiologic

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88
Q

Physical safety
Psychological safety
The need for shelter and freedom from harm and danger

A

Safety and security

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89
Q

The need to love and be loved
The need to care and to be care for
The need for affection: to associate or to belong
The need to establish fruitful and meaningful relationships with people, institution, or organization

A

Love and belonging

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90
Q

Feeling good about one’s self

A

Self-esteem needs

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91
Q

What are the examples of self esteem needs

A

Self-worth
Self-identity
Self-respect
Body image

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92
Q

Two factors affecting self esteem

A

Yourself
Others

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93
Q

SELF-ESTEEM NEEDS

Sense of adequacy
Accomplishment

A

Yourself

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94
Q

SELF-ESTEEM NEEDS

Appreciation
Recognition
Admiration
Belongingness

A

Others

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95
Q

Able to fulfill needs and ambitions and maximizing one’s full potential

A

Self-actualization

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96
Q

Aesthetic

A

Beauty

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97
Q

Patient-Centered Approaches to Nursing Model

A

Faye Glenn Abdellah

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98
Q

To maintain good hygiene.
To promote optimal activity; exercise, rest and sleep.

To promote safety.
To maintain good body mechanics
To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen
To facilitate maintenance of nutrition
To facilitate maintenance of climination
To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance

To recognize the physiologic response of the body to disease conditions

To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory mechanisms and functions

To facilitate the maintenance of sensory functions
To identify and accept positive and negative expressions, feelings and reactions

To identify and accept the interrelatedness of emotions and illness.

To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal and non-verbal communication

To promote the development of productive
interpersonal relationship

To facilitate progress toward achievement of personal spiritual goals

To create and maintain a therapeutic environment
To facilitate awareness of self as an individual with varying needs.

To accept the optimum possible goals
To use community resources as an aid in resolving problems arising from illness.

To understand the role of social problems as influencing factors

A

21 Nursing Problems

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99
Q

Defined nursing as service to individuals and families

A

Faye glenn Abdellah

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100
Q

Conceptualized nursing as an art and a science that molds the attitudes, intellectual competencies and technical skills of the individual nurse into the desire and ability to help people, sick or well and cope with their health needs

A

Faye Abdellah

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101
Q

FAYE GLENN ABDELLAH

The recipients of nursing care having physical, emotional, and sociologic needs that may be overt or covert.

A

Person

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102
Q

FAYE GLENN ABDELLAH

Not clearly defined. Some discussion indicates that clients interact with their environment, of which nurse is a part.

A

Environment

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103
Q

FAYE GLENN ABDELLAH

A state when the individual has no unmet needs and no anticipated or actual impairment.

A

Health

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104
Q

FAYE GLENN ABDELLAH

Broadly grouped in “21 nursing problems,” which center around needs for hygiene, comfort, activity, rest, safety, oxygen, nutrition, elimination, hydration, physical and emotional health promotion, interpersonal relationships, and development of self-awareness.

A

Nursing

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105
Q

is doing something for an individual

A

Nursing care

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106
Q

Developed the Clinical Nursing - A Helping Art
Model

A

Ernestine Weidenbach

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107
Q

She believed that nurses meet the individual’s need for help through the identification of the needs, administration of help and validation that actions were helpful.

A

Ernestine Weidenbach

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108
Q

Ernestine Weidenbach

Components of clinical practice:

A

Philosophy, purpose, practice and an art.

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109
Q

To assist the individuals in overcoming obstacles that prevent meeting healthcare needs.

A

Ernestine Weidenbach

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110
Q

She advocated that the nurse’ s individual philosophy or central purpose lends credence to nursing care.

A

Ernestine Weidenbach

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111
Q

ERNESTINE WEIDENBACH

Any individual who is receiving help from a member of the health profession or from a worker in the field of health.

A

Person

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112
Q

ERNESTINE WEIDENBACH

Not specifically addressed

A

Environment

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113
Q

ERNESTINE WEIDENBACH

Concepts of nursing, client, and need for help and their relationships imply health-related concerns
in the nurse-client relationship

A

Health

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114
Q

ERNESTINE WEIDENBACH

The nurse is a functional human being who acts, thinks, and feels. All actions, thoughts, and feelings underlie what the nurse does.

A

Nursing

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115
Q

Human Caring Model ( Nursing: Human Science and Human Care)

A

Jean Watson

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116
Q

Nursing is the application of the art and human science through transpersonal caring transactions to help persons achieve mind-body-soul harmony, which generates self-knowledge, self-control, self-care and self-healing

A

Jean Watson

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117
Q

She defined caring as a nurturant way or responding to a valued client towards whom the nurse feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility.

It is only demonstrated interpersonally that results in the satisfaction of certain human needs.

A

Jean watson

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118
Q

JEAN WATSON

___ accepts the person as what he/she may become in a caring

A

Caring

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119
Q

JEAN WATSON

Carative Factors:
1. The promotion of a ___ system of values

A

Humanistic-altruistic

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120
Q

JEAN WATSON

Carative Factors:
2. Instillation of ___

A

faith-hope

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121
Q

JEAN WATSON

Carative Factors:
3. The ____ to one’s self and others

A

cultivation of sensitivity

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122
Q

JEAN WATSON

Carative Factors:
4. The development and acceptance of the expression of ____ feelings.

A

positive and negative

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123
Q

JEAN WATSON

Carative Factors:
5. The systemic use of the ___ for decision making

A

scientific problem-solving method

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124
Q

JEAN WATSON

Carative Factors:
6. The promotion of ___

A

interpersonal teaching-learning

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125
Q

JEAN WATSON

Carative Factors:
7. The provision for ___,___,___ mental, physical, socio-cultural and spiritual
environment

A

supportive, protective and corrective

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126
Q

JEAN WATSON

Carative Factors:
8. Assistance with the ___ of human needs

A

gratification

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127
Q

JEAN WATSON

Carative Factors:
9. The allowance for

A

existential phenomenological forces

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128
Q

To focus on curative factors derived from a humanistic perspective and from scientific knowledge.

A

Jean watson

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129
Q

Jean watson

A valued being to be cared for, respected, nurtured, understood, and assisted, a fully functional, integrated self

A

Person

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130
Q

Jean Watson

Social environment, caring and the culture of caring affect health

A

Environment

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131
Q

Jean Watson

Physical, mental, and social wellness

A

Health

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132
Q

Jean Watson

A human science of people and human health; illness experiences that are mediated by
professional, personal, scientific, aesthetic, and ethical human care transactions.

A

Nursing

133
Q

The Dynamic Nurse - Patient Relationship Model

A

Ida Jean Orlando

134
Q

Believed that the nurse helps patients meet a perceived need that the patients cannot meet for themselves.

A

Ida Jean Orlando

135
Q

Observed that the nurse provides direct assistance to meet an immediate need for help in order to avoid or to alleviate distress or helplessness.

A

Ida Jean Orlando

136
Q

Ida Jean Orlando indicated that nursing actions can be

A

Automatic
Deliberative

137
Q

Ida Jean Orlando advocated the 3 elements composing nursing situation

A

Client behavior
Nurse reaction
Nurse action

138
Q

To interact with clients to meet immediate needs by identifying client behaviors, nurse’s reactions, and nursing actions to take

A

Ida Jean Orlando

139
Q

Ida Jean Orlando

Unique individual behaving verbally nonverbally.
Assumption is that individuals are at times able to meet their own needs and at other times unable to do so

A

Person

140
Q

Ida Jean Orlando

Not defined

A

Environment

141
Q

Ida Jean Orlando

Not defined. Assumption is that being without
emotional or physical discomfort and having
sense of well-being contribute to a healthy state.

A

Health

142
Q

Ida Jean Orlando

Professional nursing is conceptualized as finding out and meeting the client’s immediate need for help.

A

Nursing

143
Q

Three Components of Nursing : Care, Core and
Cure

A

Lydia Hall

144
Q

Represent nurturance and is exclusive to nursing

A

Care

145
Q

Involves therapeutic use of self and emphasizes the use of reflection

A

Core

146
Q

Focuses on nursing related to the physician’s orders

A

Cure

147
Q

Nursing: What Is It?

A

Lydia Hall

148
Q

To provide professional nursing care to people past the acute stage of illness

A

Lydia Hall

149
Q

LYDIA HALL

Client is composed of body, pathology, and person. People set their own goals and are capable of learning and growing.

A

Person

150
Q

LYDIA HALL

Development of a mature self-identity that assists in the conscious selection of actions that facilitate growth.

A

Health

151
Q

LYDIA HALL

Should facilitate achievement of the client’s personal goals.

A

Environment

152
Q

LYDIA HALL

Caring is the nurse’s primary function. Professional nursing is most important during the recuperative period.

A

Nursing

153
Q

Interpersonal Model

A

Hildegard Peplau

154
Q

Defined nursing as an interpersonal process of therapeutic interactions between an individual who is sick or in need of health services and a nurse especially educated to recognize and respond to the need for help.

A

Hildegard Peplau

155
Q

Hildegard Peplau

Identified 4 phases of the Nurse - Patient relationship:

A

Orientation
Identification
Exploitation
Resolution

156
Q

individual/family has a “felt need” and seeks professional assistance from a nurse (who is a stranger). This is the problem identification phase.

A

Orientation

157
Q

Where the patient begins to have feelings of belongingness and a capacity for dealing with the problem, creating an optimistic attitude from which inner strength ensues. Here happens the selection of appropriate professional assistance.

A

Identification

158
Q

The nurse uses communication tools to offer services to the patient, who is expected to take advantage of all services.

A

Exploitation

159
Q

Where patient’s needs have already been met by the collaborative efforts between the patient and the nurse.

A

Resolution

160
Q

is terminated and the links are dissolved, as patient drifts away from identifying with the nurse as the helping person

A

Therapeutic relationship

161
Q

HILDEGARD PEPLAU

An organism striving to reduce tension generated by needs

A

Person

162
Q

HILDEGARD PEPLAU

The interpersonal process is always
included, and psychodynamic milieu receives attention, with emphasis on the client’s culture and mores.

A

Environment

163
Q

HILDEGARD PEPLAU

Ongoing human process that implies forward movement of personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive,
productive, personal, and community living.

A

Health

164
Q

HILDEGARD PEPLAU

Interpersonal therapeutic process that “functions cooperatively with others human processes that make health possible for individuals in communities.

is an educative instrument, a maturing force that aims to promote forward movement of personality.

A

Nursing

165
Q

Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing Model

A

Joyce Travelbee

166
Q

The goal of nursing is to assist individual or family in preventing or coping with illness regaining health, finding meaning in illness or maintaining maximal degree of health.

A

Joyce Travelbee

167
Q

She further viewed that interpersonal process is a human-to-human relationship formed during illness and “experience of suffering”

A

Joyce Travelbee

168
Q

JOYCE TRAVELBEE

A unique, irreplaceable individual who is in a continuous process of becoming, evolving, and changing.

A

Person

169
Q

JOYCE TRAVELBEE

Not defined

A

Environment

170
Q

JOYCE TRAVELBEE

includes the individual’s perceptions of health and the absence of disease.

A

Heath

171
Q

JOYCE TRAVELBEE

An interpersonal process whereby the professional nurse practitioner assists an individual, family, or community to prevent or cope with the experience of illness and suffering, and if necessary, to find meaning in these experiences.

A

Nursing

172
Q

Science of Unitary Human Beings

A

Martha Rogers

173
Q

Martha Rogers

____, is an energy field in constant interaction with the environment.

A

Unitary Man

174
Q

Human beings are more than and different from the sum of their parts; the distinctive properties of the whole are significantly different from those of its parts.

A

Martha Rogers

175
Q

Martha Rogers

Basic Assumptions

The human being is a ___, possessing individual integrity and manifesting characteristics that are more than and different from the sum of parts.

A

unified whole

176
Q

Martha Rogers

Basic Assumptions

The ___ are continuously exchanging matter and energy with each other

A

individual and the environment

177
Q

Martha Rogers

Basic Assumptions

The life processes of human beings evolve ___ along a space-time continuum

A

irreversibly and unidirectionally

178
Q

Martha Rogers

Basic Assumptions

___ identify human being and reflect their
innovative wholeness

A

Patterns

179
Q

Martha Rogers

Basic Assumptions

The individual is characterized by the ___ for abstraction and imagery, language and thought, sensation and emotion

A

capacity

180
Q

MARTHA ROGERS

Unitary man, a four-dimensional energy field.

A

Person

181
Q

MARTHA ROGERS

Encompasses all that is outside any given human field. Person exchanging matter and energy

A

Environment

182
Q

MARTHA ROGERS

Not specifically addressed, but emerges out of interaction between human and environment, moves forward, and maximizes human potential

A

Health

183
Q

MARTHA ROGERS

A learned profession that is both science and art. The professional practice of nursing is creative and imaginative and exists to serve people.

A

Nursing

184
Q

Goal Attainment Theory

A

Imogene King

185
Q

Described nursing as a helping profession that assists individuals and groups in society to attain, maintain and restore health

A

Imogene KIng

186
Q

To communication to help the client reestablish a positive adaptation to his or her environment. She described nursing as a helping profession that assists individuals and groups in society to attain, maintain, and restore health. If this is not possible, nurse’s reactions help individuals die with dignity

A

Imogene KIng

187
Q

She viewed nursing as an interaction process between client and nurse whereby during perceiving, setting goals, and acting on them, transactions occur an goals are achieved

A

Imogene King

188
Q

IMOGENE KING

Biopsychosocial being

A

Person

189
Q

IMOGENE KING

Internal and external environment continually interacts to assist in adjustments to change

A

Environment

190
Q

IMOGENE KING

A dynamic life experience with continued goal attainment and adjustment to stressors

A

Health

191
Q

IMOGENE KING

Perceiving, thinking, relating, judging, and acting with an individual who comes to a nursing situation

A

Nursing

192
Q

Health care System Model

A

Betty Neuman

193
Q

Betty Neuman

Nursing is a unique profession that is concerned with all the variables affecting an individual’s response to stresses, which are:

A
  • intra (within the individual)
  • inter (between one or more other people )
  • extrapersonal (outside the individual)
194
Q

The nurse helps the client, through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention to adjust to environment stressors and maintain client stability.

A

Betty Neuman

195
Q

To address the effects of stress and reactions to it on the development and maintenance of health. The concern of nursing is to prevent stress invasion, to protect the client’s basic structure and to obtain or maintain a maximum level of wellness.

A

Betty Neuman

196
Q

BETTY NEUMAN

A client system that is composed of physiologic, psychological, sociocultural, and environmental variables

A

Person

197
Q

BETTY NEUMAN

Internal and external forces surrounding humans at any time

A

Environment

198
Q

BETTY NEUMAN

Health or wellness exists if all parts and subparts are in harmony with the whole person

A

Health

199
Q

BETTY NEUMAN

Nursing is a unique profession in that it is concerned with all the variables affecting an individual’s response to stressors

A

Nursing

200
Q

Four Conservation Principles

A

Myra Levine

201
Q

She advocated that nursing is a human interaction and proposed 4 conservation principles of nursing which are concerned with unity and integrity of the individual

A

Myra Levine

202
Q

What are the four conservation principles of myra levine?

A

Conservation of Energy
Conservation of Structural Integrity
Conservation of Personal integrity
Conservation of social integrity

203
Q

MYRA LEVINE

a holistic being

A

Person

204
Q

MYRA LEVINE

Broadly, includes all the individual’s experiences

A

Environment

205
Q

MYRA LEVINE

The maintenance the client’s unity and integrity

A

Health

206
Q

MYRA LEVINE

A discipline rooted in the organic dependency of the individual human being on his or her relationship with others

A

Nursing

207
Q

Behavioral System Model

A

Dorothy Johnson

208
Q

According to Dorothy Johnson, each person as a behavioral system is composed of 7 subsystem namely

A

Ingestive
Eliminative
Affiliative
Aggressive
Dependence
Achievement
Sexual and Role Identity Behavior

209
Q

To reduce stress so the client can recover as quickly as possible.

A

Dorothy Johnson

210
Q

She viewed that each person strives to achieve balance and stability both internally and externally and to function effectively by adjusting and adapting to environmental forces through learned pattern of response

A

Dorothy Johnson

211
Q

She believed that the patient strives to become a person whose behavior is commensurate with social demands

A

Dorothy Johnson

212
Q

DORTHY JOHNSON

A system of interdependent parts with patterned, repetitive, and purposeful ways of behaving

A

Person

213
Q

DORTHY JOHNSON

All forces that affect the person and that influence the behavioral system

A

Environment

214
Q

DORTHY JOHNSON

Focus on person, not illness. ___ is a dynamic state influenced by biologic, psychological, and social factors

A

HEALTH

215
Q

DORTHY JOHNSON

Promotion of behavioral system, balance and stability. An art and a science providing external assistance before and during balance disturbance

A

Nursing

216
Q

Transcultural Nursing Model

A

Madeleine Leininger

217
Q

Nursing is a learned humanistic and scientific profession and discipline which is focused on human care phenomena and activities in order to assist, support, facilitate, or enable individuals or groups to maintain or regain their well being
(or health) in culturally meaningful and beneficial ways, or to help people face handicaps or death

A

Madeleine Leininger

218
Q

___ as a learned subfield or branch of nursing which focuses upon the comparative study and analysis of cultures with respect to nursing and health-illness caring practices, beliefs and values with the goal to provide meaningful and efficacious nursing care services to people according to their cultural values and health-illness context.

A

Transcultural nursing

219
Q

Focuses on the fact that different cultures have different caring behaviors and different health and illness values, beliefs, and patterns of behaviors.

A

Transcultural Nursing Model

220
Q

___ of the differences allows the nurse to design culture-specific nursing interventions

A

Awareness

221
Q

Self-Care and Self-Care Deficit Theory

A

Dorothea Orem

222
Q

Defined Nursing: “The act of assisting others in the provision and management of self-care to maintain/ improve human functioning at home level of effectiveness.”

A

Dorothea Orem

223
Q

Focuses on activities that adult individuals perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health and well-being.

A

Self-Care & Self-care Deficit Theory

224
Q

Has a strong health promotion and maintenance focus.

A

Dorothea Orem

225
Q

Dorothea Orem

Identified 3 related concepts:

A

Self-care
Self-care deficit
Nursing system

226
Q

Activities an Individual performs independently throughout life to promote and maintain personal well-being.

A

Self-care

227
Q

results when self-care agency (Individual’s ability) is not adequate to meet the known self-care needs.

A

Self-care deficit

228
Q

nursing interventions needed when Individual is unable to perform the necessary self-care activities

  • Wholly Compensatory
  • Partial Compensatory
  • Supportive-educative
A

Nursing System

229
Q

Nurse provides entire self-care for the client.

Example: care of a new born, care of client recovering from surgery in a post-anesthesia care unit

A

Wholly compensatory

230
Q

nurse and client perform care, client can perform selected self-care activities, but also accepts care done by the nurse for needs the client cannot meet independently.

A

Partial compensatory

231
Q

Nurse’s actions are to help the client develop/learn their own self-care abilities through knowledge, support and encouragement.

Example: Nurse guides a mother how to breastfeed her baby, Counseling a psychiatric client on more adaptive coping strategies.

A

Supportive-educative

232
Q

Adaptation Model

A

Sister Callista Roy

233
Q

Viewed each person as a unified biopsychosocial system in constant interaction with a changing environment.

A

Sister Callista Roy

234
Q

Person as an adaptive system consists of

A

input, control, processes, output and feedback

235
Q

SISTER CALLISTA ROY

All people have certain needs which is divided into
four different modes:

A

physiological, self concept, role function and interdependence.

236
Q

To identify the types and demands placed on a client and client’s adaptation to the demands.

A

Adaptation Model

237
Q

SISTER CALLISTA ROY

Biopsychological beign and the recipient of nursing care.

A

Person

238
Q

SISTER CALLISTA ROY

The person encounters adaptation problems in changing the environment.

A

HEALTH

239
Q

SISTER CALLISTA ROY

All conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the development of an organism or groups of organisms.

A

Environment

240
Q

SISTER CALLISTA ROY

A theoretical system of knowledge that prescribes a process of analysis and action related to the care of the ill or potentially ill persons.

A

Nursing

241
Q

Theory of Human Becoming

A

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

242
Q

Emphasized free choice of personal meaning in relating value priorities, co-creating of rhythmical patterns, in exchange with the environment, and co transcending in many dimensions as possibilities unfold

A

Theory of Human Becoming

243
Q

is freely choosing personal meaning in situation in the intersubjective process of relating value priorities

A

Human becoming

244
Q

Is co-creating rhythmic patterns or relating in mutual process in the universe

A

Human becoming

245
Q

Is co-transcending multidimensionally with emerging possibilities

A

Human becoming

246
Q

To focus on human as living unity and human’s qualitative participation with health experience.

A

Theory of human becoming

247
Q

She emphasized free choice of personal meaning in relating value priorities, co-creating of rhythmical patterns, in exchange with the environment and contranscending in many dimensions as possibilities unfold.

A

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

248
Q

She also believed that each choice opens certain opportunities while closing others. Thus, referred to revealing-concealing, enabling-limiting, and connecting-separating. Since each individual makes his or her own personal choices, the role
of the nurse is that of guide not decision maker

A

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse

249
Q

ROSEMARIE RIZZO PARSE

A major reason for nursing existence

A

Person

250
Q

ROSEMARIE RIZZO PARSE

Man and environment interchange energy to create what is in the world, and man chooses the meaning given to the situations he creates

A

Environment

251
Q

ROSEMARIE RIZZO PARSE

A lived experience that is a process of being and becoming

A

Health

252
Q

ROSEMARIE RIZZO PARSE

Nursing practice is directed toward illuminating and mobilizing family interrelationships in light of the meaning assigned to health and its possibilities as language in the cocreated patterns of relating

A

Nursing

253
Q

Provided a Humanistic Nursing Practice Theory.

A

Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad

254
Q

This is based on their belief that nursing is an existential experience.

Nursing is viewed as a lived dialogue that involves the coming together of the nurse and the person to be nursed.

A

Humanistic Nursing Practice Theory

255
Q

Josephine Paterson and
Loretta Zderad

The essential characteristics of nursing is ___.

A

nurturance

256
Q

Humanistic care cannot take place without the ____ of the nurse being with and doing with the client.

A

authentic commitment

257
Q

Humanistic nursing also presupposes ___ choices.

A

responsible

258
Q

Developed the Modeling and Role - Modeling
Theory.

A

Helen Erickson, Evelyn Tomlin and Mary Ann Swain

259
Q

Developed the Modeling and Role - Modeling
Theory.

A

Helen Erickson, Evelyn Tomlin and Mary Ann Swain

260
Q

The focus of this theory is on the person.

The nurse model (assesses), role models (plans), and intervenes in this interpersonal and interactive theory.

A

Modeling and Role - Modeling Theory

261
Q

They asserted that each individual is unique has some self-care knowledge, needs simultaneous to be attached to and separate from others, and has adaptive potential, nurses in this theory, facilitate,
nurture and accept the person unconditionally.

A

Helen Erickson, Evelyn Tomlin and Mary Ann Swain

262
Q

They view nursing as a self-care model based on the client’s perception of the world and adaptations to stressors.

A

Helen Erickson, Evelyn Tomlin and Mary Ann Swain

263
Q

Focused on health as expanding consciousness.

A

Margaret Newman

264
Q

She believed that human are unitary beings in whom disease is a manifestation of the pattern of health.

A

Margaret Newman

265
Q

She defined consciousness as the information capability of the system which is influenced by time, space, and movement and is ever-expanding.

A

Margaret Newman

266
Q

Change occurs through transformation.

Nursing is involved with human beings who have reached choice points and found that their old ways are no longer effective.

A

health as expanding consciousness.

267
Q

is a moral imperative for nursing.

A

Caring

268
Q

The nurse is a partner with the client rather than the goal setter and outcome predictor.

A

Health as expanding consciousness

269
Q

“proposed that a nurse could gain knowledge and skills without actually learning a theory” Described as “knowing how” without “knowing that”

A

Patricia Benner

270
Q

Development of knowledge in nursing is a combination of knowledge through research and understanding through clinical experience

A

Patricia Benner

271
Q

From Novice to Expert

A

Patricia Benner

272
Q

Has no professional experience

A

Novice

273
Q

Can note recurrent meaningful situational, components, but not, prioritize between them

A

Beginner

274
Q

Begins to understand actions in terms of long-range goals

A

Competent

275
Q

Perceives situations as wholes, rather than in terms of aspects

A

Proficient

276
Q

Has intuitive grasp of the situation and zeroes it on the accurate region of the problem

A

Expert

277
Q

Develops the person demonstrate marginally acceptable performance having coped with enough real situations to note, or to have pointed out by mentor, the recurring meaningful components of the situation.

Nurses functioning at this level are guided by rules and oriented by task completion.

Still requires mentor or experienced nurse to assist with defining situations, to set priorities, and to integrate practical knowledge (English,
1993)

A

Advanced Beginner

278
Q

After two to three years in the same area of nursing the nurse moves into the ___ Stage of skill acquisition.

The ___ nurse devises new rules and reasoning procedures for a plan while applying learned rules for action on the basis of the relevant facts of that situation.

A

Competent

279
Q

This stage is the most pivotal in clinical learning because learner must begin to recognize patterns and determine which elements of the situation warrant attention and which can be ignored.

A

Competent

280
Q

After three to five years in the same area of nursing the nurse moves into the ___ Stage

“The nurse possesses a deep understanding of situations as they occur, less conscious planning is necessary, critical thinking and decision-making skills have developed” (Frisch,
2009)

A

Proficient

281
Q

The performer perceives the information as a whole (total picture) rather than in terms of aspects and performance.

___ level is a qualitative leap beyond the competent.

A

Proficient

282
Q

Nurses at this level demonstrate ability to see changing relevance in all situation including the recognition and the implementation of skilled responses to the situation as is it evolves

A

Proficient

283
Q

This stage occurs after five years or greater in the same area of nursing (experienced nurses changing areas of nursing practice may progress more quickly through the five stages)

The ___ performer no longer relies on an analytic principle (rule, guideline, maxim) to connect her or his understanding of the situation to an appropriate action.

A

Expert

284
Q

The ___ nurse, with an enormous background of experience, now has an intuitive grasp of each situation and zeroes in on the accurate region of the problem without wasteful consideration of a large range of unfruitful, alternative diagnoses and solutions.

The ___ operates from a deep understanding of the total situation.

A

Expert

285
Q

Developed the Child Health Assessment Model.

A

Kathryn E. Barnard:

286
Q

Concerns about improving the health of infants and their families.

A

Child Health Assessment Model

287
Q

Her findings on parent-child interaction as an important predictor of cognitive development helped shape public policy.

She is the founder of the Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Project (NCAST), which produces and develops research-based products, assessments, and training programs to teach professionals, parents, and other caregivers the skills to provide nurturing environments for young children.

A

Kathryn E. Barnard

288
Q

• Borrows from psychology and human development and focuses on mother-infant interaction with the environment.

• Contributed a close link to practice that has modified the way healthcare providers assess children in light of the parent-child relationship.

A

Child Health Assessment Model

289
Q

Developed the Theory of Bureaucratic Caring

A

Marilyn Anne Ray:

290
Q

“Improved patient safety, infection control, reduction in medication errors, and overall quality of care in complex bureaucratic health care systems cannot occur without knowledge and understanding of complex organizations, such as the political and economic systems, and spiritual-ethical caring, compassion and right action for all patients and professionals.”

A

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring

291
Q

Challenges participants in nursing to think beyond their usual frame of reference and envision the world holistically while considering the universe as a hologram.

A

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring

292
Q

Presents a different view of how healthcare organizations and nursing phenomena interrelate as wholes and parts in the system

A

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring

293
Q

Theory of Carative Caring

A

Katie Eriksson

294
Q

means that we take ‘caritas’ into use when caring for the human being in health and suffering [

It is a manifestation of the love that ‘just exists’

Caring communion, true caring, occurs when the one caring in a spirit of caritas alleviates the suffering of the patient.”

A

Caritative nursing

295
Q

Theory of Carative Caring

The ultimate goal of caring is to __

A

lighten suffering and serve life and health

296
Q

• Inspired many in the Nordic countries and used it as the basis of research, education, and clinical practice.

A

Theory of Carative Caring

297
Q

The Theory of Nursing as Caring: A Model for Transforming Practice

A

Anne Boykin and Savina O. Schoenhofer

298
Q

Nursing is an “exquisitely interwoven” unity of aspects of the discipline and profession of nursing.

A

The Theory of Nursing as Caring: A Model for Transforming Practice

299
Q

Nursing’s focus and aim as a discipline of knowledge and a professional service are “nurturing persons living to care and growing in caring.”

A

The Theory of Nursing as Caring: A Model for Transforming Practice

300
Q

Caring in nursing is “an altruistic, active expression of love, and is the intentional and embodied recognition of value and connectedness.”

A

The theory of Nursing as Caring: A Model for Transforming Practice

301
Q

Modeling and Role-Modeling

A

Helen C. Erickson, Evelyn M. Tomlin, and Mary Ann P. Swain

302
Q

“Nursing is the holistic helping of persons with their self-care activities in relation to their health … The goal is to achieve a state of perceived optimum health and contentment.”

A

Modeling and Role-Modeling

303
Q

Modeling and Role-Modeling

is a process that allows nurses to understand the unique perspective of a client and learn to appreciate its importance.

A

Modeling

304
Q

Modeling and Role-Modeling

occurs when the nurse plans and implements interventions that are unique for the client.

A

Role-modeling

305
Q

Maternal Role Attainment-Becoming a Mother

A

Ramona T. Mercer

306
Q

Nursing is a dynamic profession with three major foci: health promotion and prevention of illness, providing care for those who need protessional assistance to achieve their optimal level of health and functioning, and research to enhance the knowledge base for providing excellent nursing care.”

A

Maternal Role Attainment-Becoming a Mother

307
Q

“Nurses are the health professionals having the most sustained and intense interaction with women in the maternity cycle.”

A

Maternal Role Attainment-Becoming a Mother

308
Q

is an interactional and developmental process occurring over time. The mother becomes attached to her infant, acquires competence in the caretaking tasks involved in the role, and expresses pleasure and gratification. (Mercer, 1986).

A

Maternal role attainment

309
Q

Provides proper health care interventions for nontraditional mothers for them to favorably adopt a strong maternal identity.

A

Maternal Role Attainment-Becoming a Mother

310
Q

Theory of Comfort

A

Katharine Kolcaba

311
Q

” ____ is an antidote to the stressors inherent in health care situations today, and when ___ is enhanced, patients and families are strengthened for the tasks ahead. Also, nurses feel more satisfied with the care they are giving.”

A

Comfort

312
Q

Patient comfort exists in three forms: ___. These comforts can occur in four contexts: physical, psychospiritual, environmental, and sociocultural.

As a patient’s comfort needs change, the nurse’s interventions change, as well.

A

relief, ease, and transcendence

313
Q

Theory of Caring

A

Kristen M. Swanson

314
Q

___ is a nurturing way of relating to a valued other toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility.”

A

Caring

315
Q

Defines nursing as informed caring for the well-being of others.

A

Kristen M. Swanson

316
Q

Offers a structure for improving up-to-date nursing practice, education, and research while bringing the discipline to its traditional values and caring-healing roots.

A

Kristen M. Swanson

317
Q

Peaceful End-of-Life Theory

A

Cornelia M. Ruland and Shirley M. Moore

318
Q

The focus was not on death itself but on providing a peaceful and meaningful living in the time that remained for patients and their significant others.

The purpose was to reflect the complexity involved in caring for terminally ill patients.

A

Peaceful End-of-Life Theory

319
Q

Postpartum Depression Theory

A

Cheryl Tatano Beck

320
Q

“The birth of a baby is an occasion for joy—or so the saying goes. But for some women, joy is not an option.”

A

Postpartum Depression Theory

321
Q

Described nursing as a caring profession with caring obligations to persons we care for, students, and each other.

Provides evidence to understand and prevent postpartum depression

A

Cheryl Tatano Beck

322
Q

Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery

A

Phil Barker

323
Q

is widely used in mental health nursing.

It focuses on nursing’s fundamental care processes, is universally applicable, and is a practical guide for psychiatry and mental health nursing.

A

Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery

324
Q

Draws on values about relating to people and help others in their moments of distress. The values of the Tidal Model are revealed in the Ten Commitments: Value the voice, Respect the language, Develop genuine curiosity, Become the apprentice, Use the available toolkit, Craft the step beyond, Give the gift of time, Reveal personal wisdom, Know that change is constant, and Be transparent.

A

Tidal Model of Mental Health Recovery

325
Q

Uncertainty in Illness Theory

A

Merle H. Mishel

326
Q

Presents a comprehensive structure to view the experience of acute and chronic illness and organize nursing interventions to promote optimal adjustment.

A

Uncertainty in illness Theory

327
Q

Describes how individuals form meaning from illness-related situations.

A

Uncertainty in illness theory

328
Q

Merle H. Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Theory

The original theory’s concepts were organized in a linear model around the following three major themes:

A

Antecedents of uncertainty
Process of uncertainty appraisal
Coping with uncertainty.

TFN (27 decks)

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