Historical Evolution Of Nursing Flashcards
1
Q
What is the (4) period in nursing theory?
A
Intuitive Period
Apprentice Period
Educative Period
Contemporary Period
2
Q
What are the other terms for Intuitive period?
A
Primitive, instinctive nursing Period
3
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
What century?
A
6th
4
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
They travel from one place to another; “Survival of the fittest”
A
The nomads
5
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
Prehistoric is?
A
Early Christian Era
6
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
Sickness is due to _____?
A
“voodoo” (kulam)
7
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
Nursing is performed out of?
A
- Compassion
- Desire to help
- Wish to do good
8
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
Nursing is given by the ?
A
Women
9
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
Who is the healer?
A
Shaman
10
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
Done to Psychotic patients
A
Trephining
11
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
Most important thing that happened?
A
Growth of Religion
12
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
There is also growth in?
A
Civilization
13
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
Inspire man in search of knowledge (Law of what?)
A
Law of Self Preservation
14
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
TRUE OR FALSE
Nomadic -> Agrarian Society -> Rural Life
A
False
Should be URBAN LIFE
15
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
Existence of means of ?
A
Communication
16
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
Scientific knowledge -> More complex life -> Health problems -> ?
A
Demand for nurses
17
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
Nursing as a duty of ?
A
Slaves and Wives
18
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
TRUE or FALSE
Nursing DID NOT CHANGE, but there was a progress in the practice of medicine
A
True
19
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
3 things that people believe in this period
A
Superstitions, religion, magic
20
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
NEAR EAST - What are the birth of 3 religious ideologes
A
Judaism
Christianity
Mohammedanism or Islam
21
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
These religious ideologies are adopted by the ____ & ___ with the wonders of far east by returning crusaders and explorers
A
Greeks and Romans
22
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
New World
- Tiny Area
- Birth of monotheism
- Lies between ___ & ___ River in the Nile River
A
Tigris & Euphrates
23
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
Believer of one God
A
Monotheism
24
Q
INTUITIVE PERIOD
What are the different Civilization?
A
Babylonians
Egyptians
Hebrew
China
India
Greece
Romans
25
INTUITIVE PERIOD
BABYLONIANS
1st recording of medical practice
Code of Hammurabi
26
INTUITIVE PERIOD
What civilization?
Medical Fees
Discouraged experimentation
Specific doctors
Right of patient to choose treament
Babylonians
27
INTUITIVE PERIOD
EGYPTIANS
Preserving by forestall decomposition; delays changes to the body
Art of embalming
28
INTUITIVE PERIOD
What civilization?
- Mummification
- Removing of internal organs
- Instillation of herbs and salt to the dead
- They learned nothing in philosophy
- Skills lang
Egyptians
29
INTUITIVE PERIOD
EGYPTIANS
Documentation about __ diseases and treaments
The 250 diseases
30
INTUITIVE PERIOD
HEBREW
Father of sanitation
Moses
31
INTUITIVE PERIOD
HEBREW
Created Leviticus
Moses
32
INTUITIVE PERIOD
HEBREW
- Hospitality to strangers
- Act of charity
Book of Genesis
33
INTUITIVE PERIOD
HEBREW
3rd book of the old testament
Leviticus
34
INTUITIVE PERIOD
HEBREW
What book?
- Laws controlling the spread of communicable diseases
- Laws governing cleanliness
- Laws on preparation of food
- Purification of man and his food
Leviticus
35
INTUITIVE PERIOD
What civilization?
Ritual of Circumcision
Hebrew
36
INTUITIVE PERIOD
What day does ritual of circumcision (Removal of SMEGMA) done?
8th day after birth
37
INTUITIVE PERIOD
HEBREW
Meant to keep Hebrews pure so that they may enter the sanctuary without affronting God; Survival for health & hygienic reason only
Mosaic Law
38
INTUITIVE PERIOD
What civilization?
Use of pharmacologic Drugs
China
39
INTUITIVE PERIOD
CHINA
A book that indicates the drugs used for treatment
Materia Medica
40
INTUITIVE PERIOD
What civilization?
- No knowledge on anatomy
- Use of wax to preserve the body of the dead
- Method of paper making
China
41
INTUITIVE PERIOD
Factor that hampered the advancement of Medicine in china
Prohibits dissecting (thus thwarting scientific study)
42
INTUITIVE PERIOD
INDIA
1st recording on nursing practice
SUSHURUTO
43
INTUITIVE PERIOD
INDIA
Hampered by Taboos due to social structures & practice of animal worship
SUSHURUTO
44
INTUITIVE PERIOD
What civilization?
- Medicine men built hospitals
- Intuitive form of asepsis (absence of bacteria)
- Proficient practice of Medicine & surgery
INDIA
45
INTUITIVE PERIOD
INDIA
What are the qualification to become a nurse?
- lay brothers
- priest nurses
- combination of pharmacist
- masseurs
- pt
- cooks
46
INTUITIVE PERIOD
GREECE
Father of medicine in Greek mythology
Aesculapus
47
INTUITIVE PERIOD
GREECE
Father of modern medicine
Hippocrates
48
INTUITIVE PERIOD
GREECE
1st to reject the idea of evil spirits
Hippocrates
49
INTUITIVE PERIOD
GREECE
1st to apply assessment + practice medical ethics
Hippocrates
50
INTUITIVE PERIOD
GREECE
Insignia of medicine
Caduceus
51
INTUITIVE PERIOD
GREECE
Composed of:
- Staff of travellers
- Intertwined serpents
- At the apex of the staff are 2 wings of Hermes for speed
Caduceus
52
INTUITIVE PERIOD
What civilization?
Nurses —> Function of untrained slaves
Greece
53
INTUITIVE PERIOD
What civilization?
- Proper turnover for the sick people
- “If you’re strong, you’re healthy”
- From Pagan to Christianity
Romans
54
INTUITIVE PERIOD
ROMANS
- Converted Christian
- She converted her home to a hospital and used her wealth for the sick
- 1st hospital in christian world
Fabiola
55
APPRENTICE PERIOD
What century?
11th century -> 1836
56
What period?
On-the-job training period
APPRENTICE PERIOD
57
APPRENTICE PERIOD
Means care performed by people who are directed by more experienced nurses
Beginner
58
What period?
Starts from the founding of religious orders in the 6th century through the crusades in the 11th century
APPRENTICE PERIOD
59
APPRENTICE PERIOD
(Date?): When the deaconesses school of nursing was established in the Kaiserswerth, Germany by ?
1836; Pastor Theodore Fleidner
60
APPRENTICE PERIOD
There was a struggle for ___, ___, & ___ power
Religious, political, & economic
61
APPRENTICE PERIOD
_____ took place in order to gain religious, political, & economic power/for adventure
Crusades
62
What period?
During then Crusade in this period, it happened as an attempt to recapture the Holy Land from the Turk who obtained & gain control of the region as a result of power struggle
APPRENTICE PERIOD
63
APPRENTICE PERIOD
Christians were ____ due to several religious war & christians were denied to visit the Holy Sepulcher
Divided
64
APPRENTICE PERIOD
War is the evidence of
Care
65
APPRENTICE PERIOD
A series of military campaigns organized by popes and Christians to shop the expansion of Muslim States
Crusades
66
APPRENTICE PERIOD
3 attitude of nursing in 6th century
1. Self-denial
2. Devotion to hardwork & duty
3. With Spiritual calling
67
APPRENTICE PERIOD
What are the main guiding principles?
1. Love thy neighbor as thy self
2. Parable of good samaritan (law)
68
Also called as “knights of the hospitalers”
Established to give care
Knight of St. John of Jerusalem (Italian)
69
Took subsequent wars in the Holy Land
Cared for the injured & established hospitals in military camps
Teutonic Knights (German)
70
Care for those who suffered leprosy, syphilis, & chronic skin disease
Knights of St. Lazarus
71
Monasteric order founded in 1348
Alexian brothers
72
Largest School under religious auspices (US)
Closed down in 1969
Alexian Brothers School of Nursing
73
Organized the charity group called the “La Charite” & “Community of Sisters of Charity”
Founded Sisters of Charity School of nursing in Paris, France (where FN had her 2nd formal education in nursing)
St. Vincent de Paul
74
1st superior and co-founder of community of sisters of charity
Louise de Grass
75
Nursing Saints
St. Claire of Assisi
St. Elizabeth of Hungary
St. Catherine of Siena
76
Took vows of poverty, obedience to service & chastity
Founded the 2nd order of St. Francis of Assisi —“The poor claire”
St. Claire of Assisi
77
The patroness of Nursing
A princess
Sees her calling to give care for the sick
Fed thousands of hungry people
St. Elizabeth of Hungary
78
“Little Saint” —to care of the sick as early as 7 y/o
1st Lady with a lamp
St. Catherine of Siena
79
Rise of religious Nursing Orders
Orders of St. Francis of Assisi
- 1st order:
- 2nd order:
- 3rd order:
- 1st order: Founded by St. Francis
- 2nd order: Founded by Saint Claire “The poor Claire”
- 3rd order: “The tertiary Order”
80
APPRENTICE PERIOD
17th century - 19th
Also called “Period of Reformation” until the American Civil War
Hospitals were closed
Nursing were the works of the least desirable people
Nurses were uneducated, filthy, harsh, ill-fed, overworked
Mass exodus for nurses
Dark Period of Nursing
81
American Civil War led by Martin Luther:
→ destruction in the unity of Christians
82
- A pastor
- reconstituted the Deaconesses
• THEODORE FLIEDNER
83
EDUCATIVE PERIOD
• Florence Nightingale
• Began in ?
June 15, 1860
84
- S of N opened at _______ (london)
→ 1st program for formal education
St. Thomas hospital
85
O FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED DEVELOPMENT OF
NURSING EDUCATIONS
• Social forces
• Trends resulting From war
• Emancipation of women
• Educational opportunities
86
• Mother of modern nursing
• Became the superintendent of the Establishment for Gentle Women during the illness (Instructors of Nursing )
• Disapproved restriction on admission of patient a considered this as unchristian and contrary to health
• Upgraded the practice of Nursing
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
87
Florence Nightingale was designated as superintendent of the ?
Female Establishment of English General Hospital in Turkey
88
Florence Nightingale reduced casualty of war by?
42% -2%
89
What period?
- SofN should be self-supporting not subject to the whimps of the Hospital
- Have decent living quarters for students& pay Nurse instructors
- Support Nursing Research
- Opposed central registry of nursing
- What it is and what is not"
Educative period
90
True or false
FN did not believe in the Germ Theory of Bacteriology
True
91
- First graduate nurse in US
- Sept. 1, 1873
LINDA RICHARDS
92
2 nursing association organization that upgraded nursing practice
American Nurses Association
National League for nursing Education
93
What period?
- World War II - Present
- Period after WWI (changes & development)
Contemporary period
94
Contemporary period since when?
1945
95
What period?
- Scientific & technological development
- Social changes
- Nursing is offered in College & Uni
Contemporary period
96
WHO was established by?
U.N.
97
> fight disease
> provide health info
> Use of Atomic energy for diagnosis & treatment
> Space Medicine & Aerospace Nursing
>Health related laws
> Primary Health care - CHN
> Computers
> Expansed role or nurses
DEVELOPMENT & TRENDS
98
What are the 5 factors in contemporary period
1. Economics
2. Consumer's Demand
3. Family Structure
4. Information & Telecommunications
5. Legislation
99
PHILIPPINE SETTING
What are the early beliefs and practices
- Caused or inflicted by otner person
- Evil spirits
- Believed in Gods of healing
- Word doctors — priest physicians
- Herbolarios - herb doctors
100
Herb doctors
Herbolarios
101
Word doctors
priest physicians
102
Herbmen (witchcraft)
Mang Kukulam/Mangangaway anuali
103
- Difficult child birth & some diseases attributed to (NONO) midwives
- Gunpowder exploded from a bamboo pole close to the head of the mother to drive evil Spirits
Disease w/o any identified cause
104
> 1st hospital establisned
> Gov. Francisco de Sanders
> Service to King's Spaniard Soldiers
— Hospital Real de Manila (1577)
105
• Fray Juan Clemente
• Named after the Knights of St. Lazarus
• Hospital for the lepers
— San lazaro hospital (1578)
106
• Franciscan Orders
• For poor Filipino people
— Hospital de Indios (1586)
107
• Fray Juan Bautista
• People believed that the Spring has a healing
Power
— Hospital de Aguas Santas (1590)
108
• For poor people
• Roxas Boulevard
— San Juan de Dios Hospital (1596)
109
• 1st Wife of Emilio Aguinaldo
• Red cross PH - feb. 17, 1899
—Dona Hilaria de Aguinado
110
• 2nd wife of aquinaldo
• 1st president of Red Cross PH (Batangas Chapter)
— Dona Maria Agoncillo de Aguinaldo
111
• Helped Rizal in treating sick people
—Josephine Bracken
112
• Wounded Katipuneros
— Melchora Aquino
113
• Founder of FNA (10/15/1922)
•1st Filipino chief nurse of PGH
• 1st Filipino Superintendent of Nurses in PH
— Anastacia Giron Tupaz
114
1st president of Filipino Nurses Association
Francisco Delgado
115
1st Filipino to receive MD in Nursing abroad
Cesaria Tan
116
Pioneer in Social Service @ San Lazaro Hospital
Also the chief nurse
Socorro Sirilan
117
Pioneer in nursing education
Rosa militar
118
1st editor of PNA magazine, “The Message”
Socorro Diaz
119
Full time editor of the PNA “The Filipino Nurse”
Conchita Ruiz
120
• 1906 under the supervision of Rose Nicolet (American)
• Nursing course - 3 years
Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing
121
Iloilo Mission Hospital SofN
Produced 1st batch of graduates (1909); how many?
22 nurses
122
Iloilo Mission Hospital SofN
1ST TRAINED NURSES:
- Nicasia Cada
- Felipa Dela Pena
- Dorotea Caldito
123
Iloilo Mission Hospital SofN
Date of the 1st Nursing Board exam
April 1944
124
Employees were consisted of student from different SofN
Interrupted by the war
UST CON (1946)
125
1947, Bureau of Private Schools permitted UST to grant the title Graduate Nurse to the ____ students who were of advance standing from 1948 up to present
21
126
Sor Taciana Trinanes was its first directness
UST CON
127
First principal miss Consuelo Gimeno
Manila Central University CON (1947)
128
Idea —> conference between Miss Julita Sotejo & UP Pres
April 1948, Uni Council approved the curriculum
Miss Julita Sotejo was its first dean
UPM CON (1948)
129
Fields of Nursing
Nursing in primary care setting
Nursing in secondary care setting
Nursing in tertiary care setting
130
Initial health care for general complaints
Person’s 1st contact
Public, occupational, clinic, school, private, Military, Ambulatory care
Nursing in primary care setting
131
Institutional Nursing: Hospital Nursing
- Director of nursing
- CI
- Head nurse
- Staff Nurse
- Flight Nurse
- Infection-surveillance nurse
Nursing in Secondary Care Setting
132
A goal directed act/behavior that is considered acceptable
Roles of a Nurse
133
Caregiver
Communicator
Teacher
Client advocate
Change agent
Leader
Counselor
Case manager
Research consumer
Role model
Administrator
Roles of a Nurse
134
CONCEPT OF PROFESSION
Organization of an occupational group based on the application of special knowledge
Marie Jahoda
135
CONCEPT OF A PROFESSION
Establishes its own rules & standards
Marie Jahoda
136
Application of knowledge
Interpret situations and more complex decisions
Critical thinking
Life long learning
Clinical practice
137
Associates Degree 3-4 years
Baccalaureate Degree 5-6 years
Masters Degree 1-2 years
PHD/DNA/EdH 4-8 years
Education
138
Demographic changes
Women’s health issues
Human rights movement
Medically underserved populations
Threat of bioterrorism
Societal Influence on Nursing
139
Rising health care costs
Evidence based practice
Nursing & biomedical reseach
Nursing shortage
Issues in health care delivery
140
Expansion of nursing opportunities
Public perception of nursing
Nursing’s impact on politics & health policy
Future trends in Nursing
141
Five folds of nursing functions
1. Promoting Health & Wellness
2. Preventing illness
3. Pain/suffering alleviation
4. Restoring health
5. Creation of a spiritual environment
