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TFN > Historical Evolution Of Nursing > Flashcards

Historical Evolution Of Nursing Flashcards

1
Q

What is the (4) period in nursing theory?

A

Intuitive Period
Apprentice Period
Educative Period
Contemporary Period

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2
Q

What are the other terms for Intuitive period?

A

Primitive, instinctive nursing Period

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3
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

What century?

A

6th

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4
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

They travel from one place to another; “Survival of the fittest”

A

The nomads

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5
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

Prehistoric is?

A

Early Christian Era

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6
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

Sickness is due to _____?

A

“voodoo” (kulam)

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7
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

Nursing is performed out of?

A
  • Compassion
  • Desire to help
  • Wish to do good
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8
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

Nursing is given by the ?

A

Women

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9
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

Who is the healer?

A

Shaman

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10
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

Done to Psychotic patients

A

Trephining

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11
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

Most important thing that happened?

A

Growth of Religion

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12
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

There is also growth in?

A

Civilization

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13
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

Inspire man in search of knowledge (Law of what?)

A

Law of Self Preservation

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14
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

TRUE OR FALSE

Nomadic -> Agrarian Society -> Rural Life

A

False

Should be URBAN LIFE

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15
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

Existence of means of ?

A

Communication

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16
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

Scientific knowledge -> More complex life -> Health problems -> ?

A

Demand for nurses

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17
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

Nursing as a duty of ?

A

Slaves and Wives

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18
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

TRUE or FALSE

Nursing DID NOT CHANGE, but there was a progress in the practice of medicine

A

True

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19
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

3 things that people believe in this period

A

Superstitions, religion, magic

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20
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

NEAR EAST - What are the birth of 3 religious ideologes

A

Judaism
Christianity
Mohammedanism or Islam

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21
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

These religious ideologies are adopted by the ____ & ___ with the wonders of far east by returning crusaders and explorers

A

Greeks and Romans

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22
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

New World
- Tiny Area
- Birth of monotheism
- Lies between ___ & ___ River in the Nile River

A

Tigris & Euphrates

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23
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

Believer of one God

A

Monotheism

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24
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

What are the different Civilization?

A

Babylonians
Egyptians
Hebrew
China
India
Greece
Romans

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25
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

BABYLONIANS

1st recording of medical practice

A

Code of Hammurabi

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26
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

What civilization?

Medical Fees
Discouraged experimentation
Specific doctors
Right of patient to choose treament

A

Babylonians

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27
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

EGYPTIANS

Preserving by forestall decomposition; delays changes to the body

A

Art of embalming

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28
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

What civilization?

  • Mummification
  • Removing of internal organs
  • Instillation of herbs and salt to the dead
  • They learned nothing in philosophy
  • Skills lang
A

Egyptians

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29
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

EGYPTIANS

Documentation about __ diseases and treaments

A

The 250 diseases

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30
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

HEBREW

Father of sanitation

A

Moses

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31
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

HEBREW

Created Leviticus

A

Moses

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32
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

HEBREW

  • Hospitality to strangers
  • Act of charity
A

Book of Genesis

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33
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

HEBREW

3rd book of the old testament

A

Leviticus

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34
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

HEBREW

What book?
- Laws controlling the spread of communicable diseases
- Laws governing cleanliness
- Laws on preparation of food
- Purification of man and his food

A

Leviticus

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35
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

What civilization?

Ritual of Circumcision

A

Hebrew

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36
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

What day does ritual of circumcision (Removal of SMEGMA) done?

A

8th day after birth

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37
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

HEBREW

Meant to keep Hebrews pure so that they may enter the sanctuary without affronting God; Survival for health & hygienic reason only

A

Mosaic Law

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38
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

What civilization?

Use of pharmacologic Drugs

A

China

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39
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

CHINA

A book that indicates the drugs used for treatment

A

Materia Medica

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40
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

What civilization?

  • No knowledge on anatomy
  • Use of wax to preserve the body of the dead
  • Method of paper making
A

China

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41
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

Factor that hampered the advancement of Medicine in china

A

Prohibits dissecting (thus thwarting scientific study)

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42
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

INDIA

1st recording on nursing practice

A

SUSHURUTO

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43
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

INDIA

Hampered by Taboos due to social structures & practice of animal worship

A

SUSHURUTO

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44
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

What civilization?

  • Medicine men built hospitals
  • Intuitive form of asepsis (absence of bacteria)
  • Proficient practice of Medicine & surgery
A

INDIA

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45
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

INDIA

What are the qualification to become a nurse?

A
  • lay brothers
  • priest nurses
  • combination of pharmacist
  • masseurs
  • pt
  • cooks
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46
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

GREECE

Father of medicine in Greek mythology

A

Aesculapus

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47
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

GREECE

Father of modern medicine

A

Hippocrates

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48
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

GREECE

1st to reject the idea of evil spirits

A

Hippocrates

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49
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

GREECE

1st to apply assessment + practice medical ethics

A

Hippocrates

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50
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

GREECE

Insignia of medicine

A

Caduceus

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51
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

GREECE

Composed of:
- Staff of travellers
- Intertwined serpents
- At the apex of the staff are 2 wings of Hermes for speed

A

Caduceus

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52
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

What civilization?

Nurses —> Function of untrained slaves

A

Greece

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53
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

What civilization?

  • Proper turnover for the sick people
  • “If you’re strong, you’re healthy”
  • From Pagan to Christianity
A

Romans

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54
Q

INTUITIVE PERIOD

ROMANS

  • Converted Christian
  • She converted her home to a hospital and used her wealth for the sick
  • 1st hospital in christian world
A

Fabiola

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55
Q

APPRENTICE PERIOD

What century?

A

11th century -> 1836

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56
Q

What period?

On-the-job training period

A

APPRENTICE PERIOD

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57
Q

APPRENTICE PERIOD

Means care performed by people who are directed by more experienced nurses

A

Beginner

58
Q

What period?

Starts from the founding of religious orders in the 6th century through the crusades in the 11th century

A

APPRENTICE PERIOD

59
Q

APPRENTICE PERIOD

(Date?): When the deaconesses school of nursing was established in the Kaiserswerth, Germany by ?

A

1836; Pastor Theodore Fleidner

60
Q

APPRENTICE PERIOD

There was a struggle for ___, ___, & ___ power

A

Religious, political, & economic

61
Q

APPRENTICE PERIOD

_____ took place in order to gain religious, political, & economic power/for adventure

A

Crusades

62
Q

What period?

During then Crusade in this period, it happened as an attempt to recapture the Holy Land from the Turk who obtained & gain control of the region as a result of power struggle

A

APPRENTICE PERIOD

63
Q

APPRENTICE PERIOD

Christians were ____ due to several religious war & christians were denied to visit the Holy Sepulcher

A

Divided

64
Q

APPRENTICE PERIOD

War is the evidence of

A

Care

65
Q

APPRENTICE PERIOD

A series of military campaigns organized by popes and Christians to shop the expansion of Muslim States

A

Crusades

66
Q

APPRENTICE PERIOD

3 attitude of nursing in 6th century

A
  1. Self-denial
  2. Devotion to hardwork & duty
  3. With Spiritual calling
67
Q

APPRENTICE PERIOD

What are the main guiding principles?

A
  1. Love thy neighbor as thy self
  2. Parable of good samaritan (law)
68
Q

Also called as “knights of the hospitalers”

Established to give care

A

Knight of St. John of Jerusalem (Italian)

69
Q

Took subsequent wars in the Holy Land

Cared for the injured & established hospitals in military camps

A

Teutonic Knights (German)

70
Q

Care for those who suffered leprosy, syphilis, & chronic skin disease

A

Knights of St. Lazarus

71
Q

Monasteric order founded in 1348

A

Alexian brothers

72
Q

Largest School under religious auspices (US)

Closed down in 1969

A

Alexian Brothers School of Nursing

73
Q

Organized the charity group called the “La Charite” & “Community of Sisters of Charity”

Founded Sisters of Charity School of nursing in Paris, France (where FN had her 2nd formal education in nursing)

A

St. Vincent de Paul

74
Q

1st superior and co-founder of community of sisters of charity

A

Louise de Grass

75
Q

Nursing Saints

A

St. Claire of Assisi
St. Elizabeth of Hungary
St. Catherine of Siena

76
Q

Took vows of poverty, obedience to service & chastity

Founded the 2nd order of St. Francis of Assisi —“The poor claire”

A

St. Claire of Assisi

77
Q

The patroness of Nursing
A princess
Sees her calling to give care for the sick
Fed thousands of hungry people

A

St. Elizabeth of Hungary

78
Q

“Little Saint” —to care of the sick as early as 7 y/o
1st Lady with a lamp

A

St. Catherine of Siena

79
Q

Rise of religious Nursing Orders

Orders of St. Francis of Assisi
- 1st order:
- 2nd order:
- 3rd order:

A
  • 1st order: Founded by St. Francis
  • 2nd order: Founded by Saint Claire “The poor Claire”
  • 3rd order: “The tertiary Order”
80
Q

APPRENTICE PERIOD

17th century - 19th
Also called “Period of Reformation” until the American Civil War
Hospitals were closed
Nursing were the works of the least desirable people
Nurses were uneducated, filthy, harsh, ill-fed, overworked
Mass exodus for nurses

A

Dark Period of Nursing

81
Q

American Civil War led by Martin Luther:

A

→ destruction in the unity of Christians

82
Q
  • A pastor
  • reconstituted the Deaconesses
A

• THEODORE FLIEDNER

83
Q

EDUCATIVE PERIOD

• Florence Nightingale
• Began in ?

A

June 15, 1860

84
Q
  • S of N opened at _______ (london)
    → 1st program for formal education
A

St. Thomas hospital

85
Q

O FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED DEVELOPMENT OF
NURSING EDUCATIONS

A

• Social forces
• Trends resulting From war
• Emancipation of women
• Educational opportunities

86
Q

• Mother of modern nursing

• Became the superintendent of the Establishment for Gentle Women during the illness (Instructors of Nursing )

• Disapproved restriction on admission of patient a considered this as unchristian and contrary to health

• Upgraded the practice of Nursing

A

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

87
Q

Florence Nightingale was designated as superintendent of the ?

A

Female Establishment of English General Hospital in Turkey

88
Q

Florence Nightingale reduced casualty of war by?

A

42% -2%

89
Q

What period?

  • SofN should be self-supporting not subject to the whimps of the Hospital
  • Have decent living quarters for students& pay Nurse instructors
  • Support Nursing Research
  • Opposed central registry of nursing
  • What it is and what is not”
A

Educative period

90
Q

True or false

FN did not believe in the Germ Theory of Bacteriology

A

True

91
Q
  • First graduate nurse in US
  • Sept. 1, 1873
A

LINDA RICHARDS

92
Q

2 nursing association organization that upgraded nursing practice

A

American Nurses Association
National League for nursing Education

93
Q

What period?

  • World War II - Present
  • Period after WWI (changes & development)
A

Contemporary period

94
Q

Contemporary period since when?

A

1945

95
Q

What period?

  • Scientific & technological development
  • Social changes
  • Nursing is offered in College & Uni
A

Contemporary period

96
Q

WHO was established by?

A

U.N.

97
Q

> fight disease
provide health info
Use of Atomic energy for diagnosis & treatment
Space Medicine & Aerospace Nursing
Health related laws
Primary Health care - CHN
Computers
Expansed role or nurses

A

DEVELOPMENT & TRENDS

98
Q

What are the 5 factors in contemporary period

A
  1. Economics
  2. Consumer’s Demand
  3. Family Structure
  4. Information & Telecommunications
  5. Legislation
99
Q

PHILIPPINE SETTING

What are the early beliefs and practices

A
  • Caused or inflicted by otner person
  • Evil spirits
  • Believed in Gods of healing
  • Word doctors — priest physicians
  • Herbolarios - herb doctors
100
Q

Herb doctors

A

Herbolarios

101
Q

Word doctors

A

priest physicians

102
Q

Herbmen (witchcraft)

A

Mang Kukulam/Mangangaway anuali

103
Q
  • Difficult child birth & some diseases attributed to (NONO) midwives
  • Gunpowder exploded from a bamboo pole close to the head of the mother to drive evil Spirits
A

Disease w/o any identified cause

104
Q

> 1st hospital establisned
Gov. Francisco de Sanders
Service to King’s Spaniard Soldiers

A

— Hospital Real de Manila (1577)

105
Q

• Fray Juan Clemente
• Named after the Knights of St. Lazarus
• Hospital for the lepers

A

— San lazaro hospital (1578)

106
Q

• Franciscan Orders
• For poor Filipino people

A

— Hospital de Indios (1586)

107
Q

• Fray Juan Bautista
• People believed that the Spring has a healing
Power

A

— Hospital de Aguas Santas (1590)

108
Q

• For poor people
• Roxas Boulevard

A

— San Juan de Dios Hospital (1596)

109
Q

• 1st Wife of Emilio Aguinaldo
• Red cross PH - feb. 17, 1899

A

—Dona Hilaria de Aguinado

110
Q

• 2nd wife of aquinaldo
• 1st president of Red Cross PH (Batangas Chapter)

A

— Dona Maria Agoncillo de Aguinaldo

111
Q

• Helped Rizal in treating sick people

A

—Josephine Bracken

112
Q

• Wounded Katipuneros

A

— Melchora Aquino

113
Q

• Founder of FNA (10/15/1922)
•1st Filipino chief nurse of PGH
• 1st Filipino Superintendent of Nurses in PH

A

— Anastacia Giron Tupaz

114
Q

1st president of Filipino Nurses Association

A

Francisco Delgado

115
Q

1st Filipino to receive MD in Nursing abroad

A

Cesaria Tan

116
Q

Pioneer in Social Service @ San Lazaro Hospital
Also the chief nurse

A

Socorro Sirilan

117
Q

Pioneer in nursing education

A

Rosa militar

118
Q

1st editor of PNA magazine, “The Message”

A

Socorro Diaz

119
Q

Full time editor of the PNA “The Filipino Nurse”

A

Conchita Ruiz

120
Q

• 1906 under the supervision of Rose Nicolet (American)
• Nursing course - 3 years

A

Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing

121
Q

Iloilo Mission Hospital SofN

Produced 1st batch of graduates (1909); how many?

A

22 nurses

122
Q

Iloilo Mission Hospital SofN

1ST TRAINED NURSES:

A
  • Nicasia Cada
  • Felipa Dela Pena
  • Dorotea Caldito
123
Q

Iloilo Mission Hospital SofN

Date of the 1st Nursing Board exam

A

April 1944

124
Q

Employees were consisted of student from different SofN

Interrupted by the war

A

UST CON (1946)

125
Q

1947, Bureau of Private Schools permitted UST to grant the title Graduate Nurse to the ____ students who were of advance standing from 1948 up to present

A

21

126
Q

Sor Taciana Trinanes was its first directness

A

UST CON

127
Q

First principal miss Consuelo Gimeno

A

Manila Central University CON (1947)

128
Q

Idea —> conference between Miss Julita Sotejo & UP Pres
April 1948, Uni Council approved the curriculum
Miss Julita Sotejo was its first dean

A

UPM CON (1948)

129
Q

Fields of Nursing

A

Nursing in primary care setting
Nursing in secondary care setting
Nursing in tertiary care setting

130
Q

Initial health care for general complaints
Person’s 1st contact
Public, occupational, clinic, school, private, Military, Ambulatory care

A

Nursing in primary care setting

131
Q

Institutional Nursing: Hospital Nursing
- Director of nursing
- CI
- Head nurse
- Staff Nurse
- Flight Nurse
- Infection-surveillance nurse

A

Nursing in Secondary Care Setting

132
Q

A goal directed act/behavior that is considered acceptable

A

Roles of a Nurse

133
Q

Caregiver
Communicator
Teacher
Client advocate
Change agent
Leader
Counselor
Case manager
Research consumer
Role model
Administrator

A

Roles of a Nurse

134
Q

CONCEPT OF PROFESSION
Organization of an occupational group based on the application of special knowledge

A

Marie Jahoda

135
Q

CONCEPT OF A PROFESSION
Establishes its own rules & standards

A

Marie Jahoda

136
Q

Application of knowledge
Interpret situations and more complex decisions
Critical thinking
Life long learning

A

Clinical practice

137
Q

Associates Degree 3-4 years
Baccalaureate Degree 5-6 years
Masters Degree 1-2 years
PHD/DNA/EdH 4-8 years

A

Education

138
Q

Demographic changes
Women’s health issues
Human rights movement
Medically underserved populations
Threat of bioterrorism

A

Societal Influence on Nursing

139
Q

Rising health care costs
Evidence based practice
Nursing & biomedical reseach
Nursing shortage

A

Issues in health care delivery

140
Q

Expansion of nursing opportunities
Public perception of nursing
Nursing’s impact on politics & health policy

A

Future trends in Nursing

141
Q

Five folds of nursing functions

A
  1. Promoting Health & Wellness
  2. Preventing illness
  3. Pain/suffering alleviation
  4. Restoring health
  5. Creation of a spiritual environment

TFN (2 decks)

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