Summary - Chapter 2.1 - Burden & Standard of Proof: Civil Cases

Question 1

BURDEN & STANDARD OF PROOF IN CIVIL CASES

Overview

Answer 1

1) Burden of proof
2) Standard of proof
3) Meaning of balance of probabilities
4) Exception - proving particular facts under S.103
5) Exception - proving facts specially within knowledge under S.108

Question 2

BURDEN & STANDARD OF PROOF IN CIVIL CASES

Burden of proof

Answer 2

TNB v Perwaja Steel Sdn Bhd

Question 3

BURDEN & STANDARD OF PROOF IN CIVIL CASES

Standard of proof

Answer 3

PP v Yuvaraj

Question 4

BURDEN & STANDARD OF PROOF IN CIVIL CASES

Meaning of balance of probabilities

Answer 4

1) Trite - Miller v Minister of Pensions

2) Recent - PP v Kuala Dimensi Sdn Bhd (2021) - RFJ

Question 5

PROVING PARTICULAR FACTS UNDER S.103

Overview

Answer 5

1) Different level of balance of probabilities
2) General allegations of crime in civil cases
3) Allegations of forgery
4) Allegations of fraud

Question 6

PROVING PARTICULAR FACTS UNDER S.103

Different level of probabilities

Answer 6

1) The requirement: Teoh Meng Kee v PP
2) Examples:

Ku Jia Shiuen & Anor v Kerajaan Malaysia & Ors - medical negligence

Inas Faiqah Mohd Halim v Kerajaan Malaysia - assessment of future loss or damages

Question 7

PROVING PARTICULAR FACTS UNDER S.103

Allegation of forgery

Answer 7

Letchumanan Chettiar Alagappan v Secure Plantations

Question 8

PROVING PARTICULAR FACTS UNDER S.103

Allegation of fraud

Answer 8

1) First approach: Official Assignee of High Court
2) Second approach: Lau Kee Ko & Anor v Paw Ngi Siu
3) Third approach: Ang Hiok Seng v Yim Yut Kiu
4) Recent landmark: Sinnaiyah & Sons v Damai Setia Sdn Bhd

Question 9

PROVING PARTICULAR FACTS UNDER S.103

Immoral use of premise

Answer 9

Eastern Enterprises v Ong Choo Kim

Question 10

PROVING FACTS SPECIALLY WITHIN KNOWLEDGE UNDER S.106

Overview

Answer 10

1) Meaning of specially
2) Example - involvement of third party
3) Res ipsa loquitur

Question 11

PROVING FACTS SPECIALLY WITHIN KNOWLEDGE UNDER S.106

Meaning of specially

Answer 11

PP v Lim Kwai Thean

Question 12

PROVING FACTS SPECIALLY WITHIN KNOWLEDGE UNDER S.106

Example - Involvement of third party

Answer 12

Sundram v Arjunam

Question 13

PROVING FACTS SPECIALLY WITHIN KNOWLEDGE UNDER S.106

Example - res ipsa loquitur

Answer 13

1) Basis & principles of maxim - MA Clyde v Wong Ah Mei

2) Example - David Chelliah v Monorail Malaysia Technology