Summary Flashcards
FB illnesses per year
76 million
FB deaths per year
5,000
if suspected fb illness question what was consumed the last ______ hours
72 hours
BIG 5 diseases to report
HENSS hep a e coli noro shigella salmonella
possibly entamoeba histolytica
5 risk factors
improper temp inadequately cooked poor personal hygiene cross contamination food unsafe source
cooling temps
135 to 70 in 2
20 to 41 in 4
temps eggs - immediate eggs - hot holding pork/beef/fish etc. roast ground meats poultry/reheat etc.
eggs 145 15 eggs no immediate 155 15 sec pork beef fish 145 15 sec roasts 145 4 min ground meats 155 15 sec poultry 165 15 sec
8 allergens
eggs dairy fish shellfish peanuts treenuts wheat soy
freezing temps for parasites
- 4 for 7 days
- 31 for 14 hours
- 31 to solid then -4 for 24 hours
illness associated with tuna
scromboid
histamine
humans eat how much per day
1.5 lbs
hand washing must last for
20 seconds
7 haccp steps
hazard analysis ID ccp set critical limits set way to monitor ccp set actions for critical limits reached set way to monitory plan is working records
grade a raw milk and grade a milk bacti counts
50,000
15,000 per ml
how much vitamin d added to milk
400 ius
cows produce how much milk per day
5-7 gallons
most heat resistant milk pathogen
coxiella burneti q fever
this test shows if pasteurization works
phosphatase test
vat/batch method
145 30 mins sour cream yogurt
htst method
166 15 sec best method
ultra high temp method
194 3/4 sec half half whipping cream
instantaneous pasteurization method
280f shelf satable creamers
mechanical ware wash levels
50 ppm cl 30 sec 25 ppm iodine 1 min 160F temp should be 140-160 rinse is colder
mannual ware wash levels
100 ppm cl 30 sec
25 iodine 1 min
200 ppm qat 1 min
171F 30 sec
min water temp 100
type of agent that separates minerals
sequestering agent
emulsify, break down carbs, proteins, usually basic
detergents
rinse aids/surfactans are also called
wettinga gents
lighting required
10 - walk in, dry storage, reach in, bar
20 - consum self serv, produce dispensing, hand washing, warewashing, equip storage
50 - prep, knives etc.
what are ABS and LAS
sequestering agents
avg size of bacteria
.5u to 3 u
gram stain colors for pos and neg
pos purple neg pink
routes of infection most common first
respiratory oral eyes skin injection
requirements of bacti
FATTOM food - carbs/pro acidity 4.5-9 time temperature 41-135 oxygen moisture .85 or higher
bacti growth temps
psychrophiles
mesophiles 59-112 most pathogens
thermohphiles - spoilage organism
typhoid is associated with
salmonella
dysentery is associated
shigella
floppy baby is associated with
botulism
beans can cause
clost perf
rice can cause
bac cereus
preggo women/hardy organism/soft cheese
listeria
fastest acting bacti illness
staph aureus
a/c units can cause
legionaires disease
cholera is from ______ and causes _____
vibrio
rice water stools
the pheno coefficient organisms is
salmonella
name 5 deadly diseases
HIV hanta virus plague rabies yellow fever
raw oysters can give you
vibrio vulnificus
associated with predatory reef fish is
ciguatera toxin
worm in fish
anisakis
rat urine can give you
hanta virus
animal urine in water can give you
leptospirosis
hikers get this protozoan from water
giardia
spa disease organisms
pseudomonas aeruguinosa
disease common from pools
cryptosporosis
tinea is
ringgworm
tse tse fly
african sleeping sickness
which is better ppe pos or neg pressure
pos pressure
ppe should be tested how often
yearly
how many levels of PPE which is best
A-D, A is best
hazmat 4 criteria
TRIC toxicity reactivity ignitability corrosivity
DOT colors
red - explosive orange - flammable yellow - reactive green - non flammable gas blue - water reactive white - poison white blk stripe - flammable solid white over black - corrosive
DOT hazard classes
1 - explosives 2 - gas 3 - flam liq 4 - flam sol 5 - oxidizers 6 - poison/eitologic 7 - radioactive 8 - corrosive 9 - misc
NFPA from west clockwise
health, fire, reactivity, misc
ignitability typically fp less than
140F
type of reaction that releases heat
exothermic
oxygen deficient
19%
dens compared to air
vapor density
dens compared to water
spec grav
absolute pressure =
gauge pressure and atm pres
bp = ___ plus ____
vp plus atm p
toxicity levels
oral ld50 5,000 mg/kg one dose
dermal ld 50 4300 mg/kg 4 hr
inhalation lc50 10,000 ppm
allowable concentraiton for 15 min
STEL
TLV
threshold limit value
term for fresh waste water
gray water
gray water is how much solid
.2%
of solids in waste water what percent are organic
75
two items in prelim treatment
bar screens
grit removal
items in prelim treatment and type of process
physical
settling and sedimentation tanks
items in secondary treatment and type of process
biological
trickling/biofilter w/ spray arm
flocculation/coagulation with aeration tanks
tertiary treatment items and type of process
chemical process
filters, chlorination, lagoonization
aesthetic
pipe colors
r - elec y - gas g - sewer b - water p - rec water white - leach line
black water is
septic water
goal of waste water treatment
decrease BOD
dead water is
less than 4mg/l oxygen
sewage flows how fast
2 ft per second
sewage gets to treatment/disposal in how many days
2 days
how much water do humans use a day
50-100 gallons
waste water treatment is anaerobic or aerogic
aerobic
slugdge treatment is anaerobic or aerogic
anaerobic
digester
sludge treatment anaerobic 21 days
tank for 2 bed
750 gal
tank for 3 bed
1,000 gal
liq in septic tank for how long
24 hr sinfle family, 12 hour large tnak
from well how far tank and leach
tank 50 ft leach 100 ft
perc method
24 hour sat
12’’ in hole, measure drop every 30 mins for 4 hours
perc results
1min per ‘’ fall - 70 ft/bed
5 - 125
15 - 190
30 - 250
greater than 60 no system
leach lines
36 wide 24 deep
1.5 pipe
rock
6’’ slope per 100 ft
eutrophication
increase nutrient in water - phosphate, nitrogen, carbon algal blooms deplete oxygen
cold air close to earth is called
thermal stratification
how much water do we drink a day
3-5 lbs
percent of water in ocean
97%
sampling water
sodium thiosulfate in bottle run for 2-3 mins first
hard water classify
more than 100 mg/calcium
ca and mg
how to treat hard water
edta to dissolve limestone, increase salt drive out minerals
best well type
drilled/casing
percent on private wells
15%
primary standard categories
inorganics, radionuclides, vocs/socs
2 standards
more aesthtic
stain water
manganese iron
more adv test for coliforms
colilert 24 hr e coli and coli yello wis positive
allowed coliform in water
1 per 100 ml
new well/pipe chlorination
50-100 ppm for 12-24 hours
water system maintain what free chlorine
.2ppm mg/l
public system defined
15 connections, 25 people, 60 days a year
year of safe drinking water act
1974
air gap requirements
2 times pipe diam or 1’’ min
3 mosquitos
anopheles - malaria no breathing tube
culex - encephalitis - long breathing tube
aedes - yellow - short breathing tube
2 types of flies
biting and non biting
requirements for flies 4
food - decay organic or feces
moisture
temperatre die below 32, prefer 45-112
soil
fly larvae are called
maggots
mosquito breeding cycle days
11-16 days
most common cockroach in restaurant
german
largest cockroach
american
black cockroach
oriental
tv roach
brown banded
eggs of cockroaches
ootheca
name the 3 rodents
norway - stocky - vicious - small eyes - sewer
roof rat - rattus rattus - skinnier - long tail - large eyes and ears - pickier eater - lab rat - good climber
house mouse - mus musca - small 3’’ - pointy noise - large eyes, grey white - between walls, cabinets crawl space
how much waste generated a year
12-15 billion lbs
a person generates how much waste a day
6lbs a day
refuse is combination of
organic garbage
inorganics rubbish
daily cover and final cover depth
6’’
24’’
open and closed rise/run
open 1 to 2
closed 1 to 3
landfill methods and most common
trench - for flat
area - on hill - most common
valley/ravin
3 landfill classes
1 haz
2 some haz
3 no haz accepted
3 requirements for incineration
time
temperaature 1500-1800F
trubulance
amount of ash from incineration
25%
temp for compost
140-150F
soil types list
sand sandy loam loam silty loam clayloam loam
product of composting
humus
lanfill is ana/aero for ____ days then ____
aero 60 days then anaero
composting is ana or aero
aerobic
landfill gas requirements
methane 65
co2 35
hydrogen sulfide less than 1
best filters for spa, pool over and under 30 k
cartridge - spa
DE - under 30k
sand over 30K
turnover rates
pool 6 hr spa 30 min spray ground 30 min wading pool 1 hr medical pool 2 hr
wading pool depth
18’’
chlorine breakdown into
hypochlorous acid (killing agent) and hypochlorous ion
unstabilized chlorine nad percentages
sodium hypochlorite liq 11
calhypo 70
lihypo 35
cl gas 100
stabilized chlorine types
dichlor 60 most ph stable
trichlor 90
pool equip std
ansi/nsf 50 -2012
to increase ph
soda ash, caustic soda
to lower ph
muriatic acid
to neutralize chlorine
sodium thiosulfate
to get rid of algea
copper sulfate
max opper in pool
.2 mg/l
TDS hard water for pool
175 - 300 ppm
max turbity
.5 NTU
comb chlorine max
.4 ppm
pool and spa capacity
pool 1 per 10 sq ft
spa 1 per 20 sq ft
surf area divide y 10 or 20
depth line at ___ for deeper than
4.5
5
no diving for less than
6 ft
fencing
5 feet tall
4 ft horizontal bars
4’’ gap
chain link 1.75’’
what to do for formed stool or vomit
ph below 7.5 temp above 77
2ppm for 25 mins
what to do for diarhea in pool spa
ph below 7.5 or 6.5 if cya and 77 or above temp
40 ppm for 30 hrs
humans expel ____ qts per day of water
6 qts
humans breath how much per day
35 lbs
greenhosue effects
more cos in atm than water causes
more sunlight
atmosphere percentages
n 78
o21
co2 and o3 .97
others .3
atmosphere layers
thermosphere 50mi/80 km
meso 30mi/50k
stratosphere 12mi/20k
troposphere
inorganic pollutants
sulfur oxides most =toxic
nitrous oxides
co3
organic pollutant
hydrocarbons
co forms from
incomplete comubations
name the particulates
dust 10u smaller
smoke .1u smaller
fumes metal
aerosols smaller liq than mists
federal clean air act name the 6
particulates 10 or smaller pb co3 no so co
hearing loss 2 types
socio - environment
presbycusis - aging
PEL of noise
85 db
most common measureing device for noise
sound level meter
pts and tts
temp thershold shift noise
permanent threshold shift noise - irreversible
100 db and 100 db is
103 db
2 times distance from noise = -__db
- 6 db
sound stravels how fast1
1178 ft/sec
770 mph
treat and riser
tread min 9’’
riser max 8.25’’
direct connection gap req
2’’
minimum living space
100 sq ft
70 per bedroom
no wall less than 7 ft
chimney distance
3 ft
max radon
4 mg/l
best sample for hazmat
grab sample
mulitple samples in multiple locations and times is called
compositve or bath sampling
number of samples for food and hazmat
food 3, 1 forviolatio
hazmat 4 2 for violator
biohazart levels hwich is worse
1-4 4 is most dangerous
lq qty generator of med waste
200 lbs/month
steam sterilizing for med waste
121C/250F 30 mins
sm qty hauler med waste
20 lbs less driving ok
on site storage of med waste
7 days or 90 if below 32
med waste act past in wahat year
1990
3 requirements for light
illumination foot candles
brightness food lamberts
contrast
ideal contrast is waht percent
60 to 80
calculate contrast
backg - object
x/back x 100
class room lighting req
50 foot candles
luminous flux is
amount of light from source
most pleasing color
green
how much stronger are fluorescent bulbs
4 times
negative ions
created by fluroescent bulbs
wavelength list
gamma x ray uv light visibile light ir microwave tv radio
isotope
same protons diff neutrons
same atomic number diff mass
many isotopes of one element is
radionuclides
worse type of radiation
ionizing
4 types of ionizing radiatoin
alpha - nucleus
beta - stronger - electrons
gamma - can be lethal
x ray - highly penetrate
pel for radiation
5 rem/yr
daedy amounts of radiaton is
350-400 rem
units for intensity of radiation
R, c/kg
roentgen
units for exposure to radiation
REM, S sievert
units for radiation absorbed
RAD, Gy gray
units for energy of x ray
eV
units for radioactivity
curies C, or Bq becquerels
double the distance from radiation decreases the exposure by what percent
25%
civil wrong is a
tort
name the feasances
mal - wrong
mis - unknown wrong
non - knew about a wrong and didn’t report
slander vs libel
slander is spoken
variance stat
difference w/ in data
std deviation state
how spread out data area sq root of variance
soveign immunity does what
protects agency from being sued
