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RUSVM Bact Final > Summary > Flashcards

Summary Flashcards

1
Q

What does Actinobacillus cause? Dz name and species it affects

A

A. equili: Sleepy Foal dz, Equiine
A. plueropneumoniae: Hemorrhagic Pleural Pneumonia, Swine
A. : Wooden Tongue, Cattle

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2
Q

What dz(s) does Actinomyces cause and in what species?

A

A. bovis: Lumpy Jaw, Cattle

A. hordeovulneris: Foxtail awns, outdoor/hunting Dogs

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3
Q

What is important about the Dx for Actinomyces?

A

Aerobic and anaerobic culture is needed for Dx. Colonies grow in the center of lesions, pyogranulomatous and can cause bone lysis

Tx: high dose Penicillin

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4
Q

What kind of bacteria is Actinomyces?

A

Gram + rod, Facultative pathogen that produces fungal-like spores, aerobic and anaerobic

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5
Q

What Dz does Actinobaculum cause?

A

A. suis, Pigs “pig STD”
Aerobic commensal in preputial mucosa of boars.

CS: 3-4 wk post infection- cystitis and pyelonephritis -> renal failure -> death

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6
Q

What Dz does Bacillus cause? What do you NOT do when you suspect this pathogen?

A

B. anthracis, Anthrax
Spore forming saprophyte
virulence: capsule, and tripartite toxins (protective antigen, lethal factor and animal factor)

Do not open the carcass!
Gross lesions: incomplete rigor, bloated, non-clotted blood from orifices, splenomegaly

Dx: direct smear (@ reference lab) stains blue (rods) with pink capsule

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7
Q

What is common to all Brucella species?

A

All are zoonotic and reportable.

Gram - coccobacilli
Facultative Intracellular pathogen: macrophages
extracellular/environmental

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8
Q

What causes Wool sorter’s dz in people?

A

B. anthracis, pulmonary dz

cutaneous infection: Malignant Carbuncle

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9
Q

What Dz do Brucella spp cause?

A

B. abortus: Cattle, abortions or carrier-calf

B. suis: pigs, wild boars are the reservoirs, abortions, osteomyelitis

B. canis: dogs, STD, late abortions

Dx: culture aerobic and anaerobic; All are zoonotic and reportable

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10
Q

What Dz do Borrelia spp cause?

A

B. burgdorferi: multiple spp, Lyme Dz ZOONOTIC

B. anserine: Avian, septicemic borreliosis, avian spiroketosis

Dx: POC, Westeren blot, Multiplex ELISA

Tx: Doxy

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11
Q

What Dz do Chlamydia spp cause?

A

C. abortus: Ruminants, enzootic abortions of ewes

C. pecorum: Ruminants, Stiff lamb dz, sporadic bovine encephalitis (young)

C. felis: Cats, Feline pneumonitis, low zoonotic risk

C. psittaci: Avian and high zoonotic risk, Reportable, BSL3; multisystemic dz

Dx: F-ab stain, diff to culture- need cell lines

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12
Q

What is unique about the life cycle of Chlamydia?

A

Dimorphic: intracellular- epithelial cells (reticulate- replicating phase)
Extracellular (elementary body- infectious phase)

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13
Q

What are the neurotoxic Clostridium?

A

C. tetani: Tetanus; causes spastic paralysis
dogs/cats- ascending paralysis
people/horses- descending paralysis

Tx: antitoxin Vx

C. botulinum: Botulism; infant botulism, Shaker Foal” flaccid paralysis

Tx: antitoxin, cholingeric drugs

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14
Q

What are the histotoxic Clostridium?

A

C. chauvoei: ruminants “black leg”

C. septicum: ruminants, birds “pseudo-black leg” Braxy in sheep, necrotic dermatitis in birds

C. novyi: Type A “gas gangrene”
Type B “black dz”

C. piliforme: lab animals, “Tyzzers’ dz” only gram -

C. hemolyticum: ruminants, liver and billary damage

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15
Q

What are the enterotoxic Clostridium?

A

C. difficile: entercolitis, neonates are resistant; Zoonotic.

C. spiroforme: explosive diarrhea in rabbits

Tx: do not give horses clindamycin, or rabbits linco/clinda/erythromycin

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16
Q

What Clostridium is neurotoxic, enterotoxic and histotoxic?

A

C. perfringes
Type B: lamb dysentery <3 wk, foal enterotoxemia <1 wk

Type C: swine enterotoxemia, necrotizing hemorrhagic enterotoxemia in pigs
“struck” and enterotoxemia- sheep/goats

Type D: pulpy kidney dz- sheep/goats
enterotoxemia- Cattle, horses

Tpe B and C: calf enterotoxaemia

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17
Q

What causes colisepticemia/colibacillosis?

A

E. coli + enterobacteriacae

Cb: dz in newborn calves due to not enough colostrum, management issue

Cs: umbilical infections- septicemia, “white spotted kidney”
Edema Dz: swine, E. coli + shigga-like toxin,

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18
Q

What are the anaerobic bacteria?

A

Clostridium: gram + spore forming rods (C. piliforme gram -)

Fusobacterium: gram - non-spore forming “foot rot”

Bacteroides: non-spore forming gram -

Dichelobacter: non-spore forming gram -; also seen in “summer sores”

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19
Q

What does Anaplasma cause?

A

Obligate intercellular bacteria

A. phagocytophilum (neutrophils): necrotizing thrombocytopenia (dogs) subclinical limb edema, icterus (horses) vector: ixodes tick

A. platys (platelets- morulas): dogs infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia;

A. marginale (RBC): ruminants, old>young, splenomegaly

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20
Q

what does Erlichia cause?

A

obligate intercellular: WBC

E. canis: tropical panleukopenia of dogs
vector: brown-dog tick

E. ewingii “canine granulocytc erlichiosis”
vector: ixodes tick

E. ruminantium: Heart water dz, Reportable
Vector: amblyoma tick

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21
Q

what does Coxiella burnetti cause? How is it transmitted?

A

Q-fever, Zoonotic and reportable, direct transmission

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22
Q

What does Neorickettsia cause?

A

Vector: trematodes

N. risiticii: “Potamac horse fever” vector: brown bat trematode

N. helminthoceca: Salmon poisoning in dogs

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23
Q

What do Rickettsia spp cause?

A

Obligate intercellular bacteria, colonizes epithelial cells, Zoonotic

R. rickettsia “Rocky Mt spotted fever” zoonotic

R. felis “flea born spotted fever” vector: cat flea

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24
Q

what does Helicobacter cause?

A

small, spiral curved, gram - rod- microaerophilc

H. pylori: stomach ulcers and neoplasms

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25
What are the microaerophilic bacteria?
Helicobacter Campylobacter Lawsonia
26
What does Brachicpira cause?
B. hyodysenteriae- Swine dysentery
27
what does Lawsonia cause
proliferative enteropathy necropsy: cerebriform ileum/colon Dx: silver stain, PCR; only cultured in enterocyte cell lines
28
What causes shipping fever?
Histophius somni Pasturella mutlicida Mannheimia hemolytica Mycoplasma bovis
29
What do Campylobacter spp cause?
C. jejuni: diarrhea in young animals, self-limiting; donut lesions in liver Avian hepatitis C. fetus subspp fetus: abortions C. fetus subspp venerealis: early embryonic death
30
Rhodococcus equi
Foal pneumonia gram + bacilli Tx: macrolide + rifampin
31
Nocardia
Gram + pleomorphic, wound infections: pleurisy, peritonitis, mastitis
32
Yersinia pestis
Bubonic plague | Vector: rat fleas
33
Cornybacterium
gram + aerobic pleomorphic C. pseudotuburculosis: caseous lymphandentitis; Pigeon fever in horses C. renale "contagious bovine pyleonephritis" ascending UTI Dx: culture urine
34
Strep. equi
Sub equi: Strangles, reportable subspp zooepidnicus: foal septicemia, purulent infection
35
Streptococcus
S. agalactiae: contagious mastitis S. suis: abortions, septicemia, meningitis- zoonotic S. canis group G: puppies and kittens- skin ulcers, necrotizing sinusitis/meningitis S. porcinus: Jowl abscess
36
Staph
S. aureus: MRSA, UTI, mastitis in cows Bumble foot in chickens S. pseudintermedius: Canine pyoderma S. hyicus: "Greasy Pig Dz"
37
Enterococci
opportunistic pathogen (normal intestinal flora) innate and acquired resistance to Vancomycin
38
Listeria
L. monocytgenes: ruminants "Circling/Poor silage Dz" encephalitis, paralysis, abortions monogastrics- septicemia Dx: fetus- hepatic necrosis; Culture- brain stem
39
E. rusiopathiae
Diamond skin Dz septicemic, polyarthritis, polyserocytis Dx: culture blood
40
Bordatella
B. brochiseptica: Kennel cough, swine- non-progressive atrophic rhinitis B. avium: Coryza in turkeys
41
Taylorella
reportable T. equigenitalis: Horse STD Dx: Stallion swab- preputium, urethra, fossa glandis, urethralis Mare: fossa clitoris, sinus clitoris
42
Burkholderia
B. mallei: obligate intercellular "Glanders" Equine, zoonotic, weaponized, Reportable, BSL3 B. pseudomallei- saprophytic "pseudoglanders" Equine Meliodosis: sheep/goats
43
Francisella
Reportable, Zoonotic, BSL3 F. tularensis: Tularemia: very virulent. reservoir- rabbits, rodents CS: multi-system organ failure
44
Dermatophytes
Zoonotic, only causes superficial mycosis Microsporum: cats, dogs, birds, pigs, people (from cats) Trichophtoon: T. verrucosum- cattle T. euinum: Horses T. mentagrophytes: broad host range
45
Candida albicans
Zoonotic transitional yeast CS: Thrush, mastitis, plaques on tongue, proventriculus, stomach Dx: aerobic fungal culture
46
Malassezia pachydermatitis
thick-walled, bottle shaped lipophilic yeast commensal on dog ears- Otitis externa
47
Cryptococcus neoformans
most common fungal infection in cats (CNS signs, polyps in nasal cavity) histo: large capsule
48
Thermally dimorphic fungi
All zoonotic; yeast in the body, mold in environment Blastomyces Histoplasma- BSL3 Coccidiodes- BSL3 Sporothrix
49
Blastomyces dermatitidis
thick walled broad based budding yeast endemic to Ohio-Mississippi river valley
50
Histoplasma capsulatum
oval yeast in macrophages Ohio, Mississippi, Missouri dark-moist areas Chronic/active TB-like respiratory dz
51
Cocciciodes immitis
Thick walled spherules w/endospores, very large endemic in San Joaquin Valley and Arizona Chronic TB-like respiratory dz
52
Sporothrix schenkii
cigar-shaped, yeast in tissue puncture wounds "Rose-gardeners syndrome"
53
Salmonella
Gram - bacilli, food born pathogen, broad host range S. enteritis: don't eat raw eggs S. pleurum: young birds S. gallinarum: old birds
54
Mycobacterium
Obligate pathogen and opportunistic saprophyte species M. bovis: zoonotic, reportable; reservoir- US: white tail deer, UK" badgers M. lepraemurium: feline leprosy, reservoir- 9-banded armadillo M. TB: zoonotic, psittacine birds, elephants M. para-TB: Johne's Dz, chronic wasting, diarrhea 3-4 yrs old Dx: test herd
55
Mycoplasma
Acid fast, no cell wall M. bovis: resp dz, mastitis, polyarthritis M. capripneumoniae: goats, reportable M. mycoides: cattle, reportable M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae: avian, reportable hemotropic- M. hemofelis: feline infectious anemia
56
Leptospira
Dr. Rajeev's favorite bacteria Dx: PCR/FA- Blood and urine MAT- serum
57
Treponema
Hairy heel warts- Cattle T. paraluis-cuniculi: rabbit syphilis
58
Apergillus
fast growing mold, invades tissues following blood vessels; zoonotic Avian "brooder pneumonia" Ruminants- leather skin, abortions equine- straw abrasions dogs- sinusitis, keratitis cats- sinusitis
59
Prototheca
Algae, Zoonotic, spread by contaminated water P. zopfi- mastitis, gastroenteritis P. wickerhamii- cutaneous lesions Tx: Sx removal of lesion, antifungals do not work;
60
Pythium insidiosum
Oomycete: water mold, zoonotic "Swamp Cancer/ Kunkers" Dx: must culture to ID Tx: Sx removal of lesions, antifungals don't work
61
pseudogymnasucus destructans
White-Nose Syndrome in bats
62
Batrachoytrium dendrobatidis
Chytridiomycosis in amphibians

RUSVM Bact Final (2 decks)

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