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RUSVM Bact Final > Bact Final > Flashcards

Bact Final Flashcards

1
Q

T/F The majority of bacteria are intracellular pathogens.

A

False.
Most bacteria are extracellular pathogens

Intracellular pathogens: Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Chlamydia, Lawsonia, and Clostridium piliforme

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2
Q

Whish bacteria are facultative intracellular bacteria?

A

Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus

they can be extracellular or intracellular

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3
Q

what is the sequence of events of bacterial pathogenesis?

A 
entry into host 
evade host defense
colonize host systems
multiply 
exert damage in host 
transmit to other hosts- become infectious
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4
Q

What bacterial structures enhance virulence and what do they do?

A 
Flagella: locomotion/motility; endoflagella in spirochetes
Fimbriae/Pili: adherence
Capsule: evade phagocytosis
Spores: environmental survival 
Toxins: endotoxins/exotoxins
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5
Q

What are the gram + cocci families?

A

Staphlococcus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Micrococcus

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6
Q

What are the gram + rods?

A 
Listeria
Erysipelothrix
Bacillus 
Actinomyces
Trueperella  
Dermatophilus 
Clostridium (anaerobic) 
Corynebacterium 
Rhodococcus
Mycobacterium
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7
Q

What are the acid fast bacteria?

A

Mycobacterium

Partial acid fast: Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus, Nocardia, Mycobacterium

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8
Q

What are the gram - cocci?

A

False. Gram - cocci are not common clinical isolates

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9
Q

what are the gram - anaerobes?

A

Fusobacterium
Bacteroides
Dichelobacter

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10
Q

What are the spirochetes? (gram -)

A

Brachysira
Borrelia
Leptospira
Treponema

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11
Q

Which bacteria are microaerophilic? (also gram -)

A

Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Lawsonia

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12
Q

Which fungi are dimorphic?

A

Blastomyces
Histoplasma
Coccidioides
Sporothrix

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13
Q

What 2 antimicrobial susceptibility tests are there?

A 
Disk diffusion (Kirby Bauer) 
Broth/Agar dilution
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14
Q

What is MIC?

A

Minimum inhibitory concentration.

The minimum amount of drug required to inhibit bacterial growth

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15
Q

What is Griseofulvin?

A

Antifungal. Inhibits mitosis, used only for dermatophytes, is only PO and teratogenic in cats

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16
Q

What are Polyenes?

A

Amphoterocin B, Natamycin and Nystatin.

Antifungals that inhibit ergosterol

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17
Q

What is Flucytosine?

A

Antifungal that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

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18
Q

What are Allylamines?

A

Terbinafine, antifungal that inhibits ergosterol.

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19
Q

What is pyoderma?

A

Pyogenic bacterial infection of the skin. Can be superficial, surface or deep

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20
Q

What is the most common Staph. isolate in canine skin disease?

A

S. pseudintermedius

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21
Q

If a Staph. isolate is macrolide (erythromycin) resistant, can you use clindamycin to tx?

A

No. all Staph. that are macrolide resistant are considered clindamycin resistant unless otherwise confirmed by a D-test

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22
Q

What bacteria causes ‘Greasy pig disease’?

A

Staph. hyicus

MDx: exudative epidermitis

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23
Q

What bacteria causes ‘bumble-foot’?

A

Staph. aureus

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24
Q

What bacteria causes botryomycosis?

A

S. aureus- in rodents, people and horses

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25
What is a common isolate in feline lymph node abscesses?
Yersinia pestis
26
What causes feline leprosy?
Mycobacterium lepraenium
27
What are the most common aerobic bacteria isolate from wound infections, draining tracts, and/or abscesses?
Actinomyces and Nocardia
28
What is the common name of the disease caused by Actinomyces?
Lumpy jaw
29
What are common anaerobic isolates from wound infections, draining tracts and/or abscesses?
gram +: Clostridium | gram -: Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Dichelobacter
30
Should you send a dry swab for bacterial/fungal culture?
No.
31
What steps should you take if you want to submit a sample for anaerobic culture?
1. Disinfect the skin with 70% alcohol, dry 2. Aspirate specimen directly into the syringe 3. Remove air from the syringe 4. Ship in anaerobic transport media
32
What is the most common cause of mycotic skin infections?
Dermatophytes: Trichophyton- Cattle, Horses Microsporum- dogs, cats, pigs
33
What does M. canis cause in Persian cats?
Pseudomycetoma- subcutaneous nodule
34
Is Prototheca a fungi or bacteria?
Neither. It is an algae
35
What type of bacteria is Pythium insidiosum?
Not a bacteria. Oomycete. | Causes 'kunkers' or 'swamp cancer' in horses
36
What does S. equi subsp equi cause? What can also be seen with this bacterial infection?
``` Strangles- lymphadenitis Purpura hemorrhagica (type III hypersensitivity immune-mediated vasculitis) ```
37
What causes Pigeon fever?
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis MDx: ulcerative lymphangitis seen in horses
38
What kind of lesions does Sporothrix schenkii cause? and what is the host?
Lymphocutaneous lesions, horses are the host
39
What causes Glanders?
Burkholderia mallei; very zoonotic Pulmonary, nasal or cutaneous (Farci) forms
40
What causes pseudoglanders?
Burkholderia pseudomallei, also called Meliodosis. | This is a saprophytic bacteria
41
Diamond skin disease is caused by what?
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae | Say that 5 times fast!
42
What causes infectious KCS in bovine?
Moraxella bovis
43
What causes infectious KCS in sheep?
Mycoplasma conjunctivae and Chlamydia pecorum
44
What causes otitis in calves?
Mycoplasma bovis and Histophilus somni
45
Where should samples be taken to stain bacteria or yeast in the case of canine otitis?
From the horizontal canal or in cases of tympanic rupture from the middle ear. Both should be collected with a sterile culturette.
46
What are common causes of conjunctivitis in cats?
Chlamydia felis (feline pneumonitis) and Mycoplasma felis (mycoplasma conjunctivitis)
47
What are common bacteria that cause systemic infections in cats?
``` Rickettsia Anaplasma Ehrlichia Brucellosis Leptospirosis ```
48
What are common causes of systemic mycoses in cates?
``` Blastomycosis Cryptococcosis Histoplasmosis Coccidioimycosis Protothecosis ```
49
Equine recurrent uveitis is thought to be caused by?
Leptospira infection +/- immune complex disease. AKA Moon blindness, periodic opthalmia
50
What is a main complication of guttural pouch mycosis? how does this occur?
Epistaxis; it occurs as a complication of S. equi subsp equi and Aspergillus sp infections.
51
What causes equine keratitis?
Fungal cause: Aspergillus sp, Fusarium sp and/or Candida sp Bacterial cause: Pseudomonas, Staph, Strep or mixed- both fungal and bacterial
52
What constitutes the upper respiratory tract?
Nasal passages, nasopharynx, pharynx, larynx, extrathoracic trachea
53
What constitutes the lower respiratory tract?
intrathoracic trachea, bronchi, pulmonary parenchyma
54
T/F: Viral infections are predisposed by bacterial infections.
False. Bacterial infections often occur secondary to viral infections
55
T/F: chronic rhinosinusitis is rare as a primary disease in dogs?
True.
56
What lesion(s) does rhinosporidium seeberi cause?
Nasal polyps/tumor-like growths in animals and people
57
What are some clinical signs of lower respiratory diseases?
CS: moist cough, harsh breath sounds, fever, purulent expectorant, purulent nasal discharge.
58
What are common isolates in pythorax in canines?
Nocardia and Actinomyces
59
What fungi cause systemic disease with primary lung involvement?
Blastomyces dermatitidis Histoplasma capsulatum Coccidioides immitis All cause pyogranulomatous lesions
60
What are the common manifestations of Histoplasmosis in cats? in dogs?
Cats- disseminated disease, 2nd most common fungal infection Dogs- GI involvement: protein-losing enteropathy, peripheral lymphadenopathy, polyarthropathy, osteomyelitis
61
What forms of Blastomycosis are there?
Cutaneous, respiratory, ocular, and bone forms. Endemic in Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio river valley
62
Where does Cryptococcosis localize?
Nasal cavity, CNS, ocular, GI - dogs, psittacine birds, koalas, cats. Cats- cutaneous lesions are a marker for disseminated disease.
63
Coccidiomycosis involves what organ? Where does it disseminate to?
Lung involvement with dissemination to bones
64
What bacteria causes infectious tracheobronchitis in dogs?
Bordetella bronchiseptica (kennel cough)
65
What is the cause and characteristics of necrotic laryngitis in cattle?
Fusobacterium necrophorum 'calf diphtheria, necrotic laryngitis) H: 3-18 month old feedlot cattle CS: severe dyspnea, ptyalism, bilateral purulent nasal discharge systemic- fever, anorexia, toxemia and upper airway obstruction. Histophilus somni can also cause laryngitis in cattle

RUSVM Bact Final (2 decks)

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