Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM Bact Final > Bact Final > Flashcards

Bact Final Flashcards

1
Q

T/F The majority of bacteria are intracellular pathogens.

A

False.
Most bacteria are extracellular pathogens

Intracellular pathogens: Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Chlamydia, Lawsonia, and Clostridium piliforme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Whish bacteria are facultative intracellular bacteria?

A

Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus

they can be extracellular or intracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the sequence of events of bacterial pathogenesis?

A 
entry into host 
evade host defense
colonize host systems
multiply 
exert damage in host 
transmit to other hosts- become infectious
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What bacterial structures enhance virulence and what do they do?

A 
Flagella: locomotion/motility; endoflagella in spirochetes
Fimbriae/Pili: adherence
Capsule: evade phagocytosis
Spores: environmental survival 
Toxins: endotoxins/exotoxins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the gram + cocci families?

A

Staphlococcus
Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Micrococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the gram + rods?

A 
Listeria
Erysipelothrix
Bacillus 
Actinomyces
Trueperella  
Dermatophilus 
Clostridium (anaerobic) 
Corynebacterium 
Rhodococcus
Mycobacterium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the acid fast bacteria?

A

Mycobacterium

Partial acid fast: Corynebacterium, Rhodococcus, Nocardia, Mycobacterium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the gram - cocci?

A

False. Gram - cocci are not common clinical isolates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the gram - anaerobes?

A

Fusobacterium
Bacteroides
Dichelobacter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the spirochetes? (gram -)

A

Brachysira
Borrelia
Leptospira
Treponema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which bacteria are microaerophilic? (also gram -)

A

Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Lawsonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which fungi are dimorphic?

A

Blastomyces
Histoplasma
Coccidioides
Sporothrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What 2 antimicrobial susceptibility tests are there?

A 
Disk diffusion (Kirby Bauer) 
Broth/Agar dilution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is MIC?

A

Minimum inhibitory concentration.

The minimum amount of drug required to inhibit bacterial growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Griseofulvin?

A

Antifungal. Inhibits mitosis, used only for dermatophytes, is only PO and teratogenic in cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Polyenes?

A

Amphoterocin B, Natamycin and Nystatin.

Antifungals that inhibit ergosterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Flucytosine?

A

Antifungal that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are Allylamines?

A

Terbinafine, antifungal that inhibits ergosterol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is pyoderma?

A

Pyogenic bacterial infection of the skin. Can be superficial, surface or deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the most common Staph. isolate in canine skin disease?

A

S. pseudintermedius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If a Staph. isolate is macrolide (erythromycin) resistant, can you use clindamycin to tx?

A

No. all Staph. that are macrolide resistant are considered clindamycin resistant unless otherwise confirmed by a D-test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What bacteria causes ‘Greasy pig disease’?

A

Staph. hyicus

MDx: exudative epidermitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What bacteria causes ‘bumble-foot’?

A

Staph. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What bacteria causes botryomycosis?

A

S. aureus- in rodents, people and horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a common isolate in feline lymph node abscesses?

A

Yersinia pestis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What causes feline leprosy?

A

Mycobacterium lepraenium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the most common aerobic bacteria isolate from wound infections, draining tracts, and/or abscesses?

A

Actinomyces and Nocardia

28
Q

What is the common name of the disease caused by Actinomyces?

A

Lumpy jaw

29
Q

What are common anaerobic isolates from wound infections, draining tracts and/or abscesses?

A

gram +: Clostridium

gram -: Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Dichelobacter

30
Q

Should you send a dry swab for bacterial/fungal culture?

A

No.

31
Q

What steps should you take if you want to submit a sample for anaerobic culture?

A
  1. Disinfect the skin with 70% alcohol, dry
  2. Aspirate specimen directly into the syringe
  3. Remove air from the syringe
  4. Ship in anaerobic transport media
32
Q

What is the most common cause of mycotic skin infections?

A

Dermatophytes:
Trichophyton- Cattle, Horses
Microsporum- dogs, cats, pigs

33
Q

What does M. canis cause in Persian cats?

A

Pseudomycetoma- subcutaneous nodule

34
Q

Is Prototheca a fungi or bacteria?

A

Neither. It is an algae

35
Q

What type of bacteria is Pythium insidiosum?

A

Not a bacteria. Oomycete.

Causes ‘kunkers’ or ‘swamp cancer’ in horses

36
Q

What does S. equi subsp equi cause? What can also be seen with this bacterial infection?

A 
Strangles- lymphadenitis 
Purpura hemorrhagica (type III hypersensitivity immune-mediated vasculitis)
37
Q

What causes Pigeon fever?

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
MDx: ulcerative lymphangitis
seen in horses

38
Q

What kind of lesions does Sporothrix schenkii cause? and what is the host?

A

Lymphocutaneous lesions, horses are the host

39
Q

What causes Glanders?

A

Burkholderia mallei;
very zoonotic
Pulmonary, nasal or cutaneous (Farci) forms

40
Q

What causes pseudoglanders?

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei, also called Meliodosis.

This is a saprophytic bacteria

41
Q

Diamond skin disease is caused by what?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Say that 5 times fast!

42
Q

What causes infectious KCS in bovine?

A

Moraxella bovis

43
Q

What causes infectious KCS in sheep?

A

Mycoplasma conjunctivae and Chlamydia pecorum

44
Q

What causes otitis in calves?

A

Mycoplasma bovis and Histophilus somni

45
Q

Where should samples be taken to stain bacteria or yeast in the case of canine otitis?

A

From the horizontal canal or in cases of tympanic rupture from the middle ear. Both should be collected with a sterile culturette.

46
Q

What are common causes of conjunctivitis in cats?

A

Chlamydia felis (feline pneumonitis) and Mycoplasma felis (mycoplasma conjunctivitis)

47
Q

What are common bacteria that cause systemic infections in cats?

A 
Rickettsia 
Anaplasma 
Ehrlichia 
Brucellosis 
Leptospirosis
48
Q

What are common causes of systemic mycoses in cates?

A 
Blastomycosis 
Cryptococcosis 
Histoplasmosis 
Coccidioimycosis 
Protothecosis
49
Q

Equine recurrent uveitis is thought to be caused by?

A

Leptospira infection +/- immune complex disease. AKA Moon blindness, periodic opthalmia

50
Q

What is a main complication of guttural pouch mycosis? how does this occur?

A

Epistaxis; it occurs as a complication of S. equi subsp equi and Aspergillus sp infections.

51
Q

What causes equine keratitis?

A

Fungal cause: Aspergillus sp, Fusarium sp and/or Candida sp
Bacterial cause: Pseudomonas, Staph, Strep
or mixed- both fungal and bacterial

52
Q

What constitutes the upper respiratory tract?

A

Nasal passages, nasopharynx, pharynx, larynx, extrathoracic trachea

53
Q

What constitutes the lower respiratory tract?

A

intrathoracic trachea, bronchi, pulmonary parenchyma

54
Q

T/F: Viral infections are predisposed by bacterial infections.

A

False. Bacterial infections often occur secondary to viral infections

55
Q

T/F: chronic rhinosinusitis is rare as a primary disease in dogs?

A

True.

56
Q

What lesion(s) does rhinosporidium seeberi cause?

A

Nasal polyps/tumor-like growths in animals and people

57
Q

What are some clinical signs of lower respiratory diseases?

A

CS: moist cough, harsh breath sounds, fever, purulent expectorant, purulent nasal discharge.

58
Q

What are common isolates in pythorax in canines?

A

Nocardia and Actinomyces

59
Q

What fungi cause systemic disease with primary lung involvement?

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Coccidioides immitis

All cause pyogranulomatous lesions

60
Q

What are the common manifestations of Histoplasmosis in cats? in dogs?

A

Cats- disseminated disease, 2nd most common fungal infection

Dogs- GI involvement: protein-losing enteropathy, peripheral lymphadenopathy, polyarthropathy, osteomyelitis

61
Q

What forms of Blastomycosis are there?

A

Cutaneous, respiratory, ocular, and bone forms.

Endemic in Mississippi, Missouri and Ohio river valley

62
Q

Where does Cryptococcosis localize?

A

Nasal cavity, CNS, ocular, GI - dogs, psittacine birds, koalas, cats.

Cats- cutaneous lesions are a marker for disseminated disease.

63
Q

Coccidiomycosis involves what organ? Where does it disseminate to?

A

Lung involvement with dissemination to bones

64
Q

What bacteria causes infectious tracheobronchitis in dogs?

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica (kennel cough)

65
Q

What is the cause and characteristics of necrotic laryngitis in cattle?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum
‘calf diphtheria, necrotic laryngitis)
H: 3-18 month old feedlot cattle
CS: severe dyspnea, ptyalism, bilateral purulent nasal discharge
systemic- fever, anorexia, toxemia and upper airway obstruction.

Histophilus somni can also cause laryngitis in cattle

RUSVM Bact Final (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions