Summary 10-14 Flashcards
Commitment
The degree of involvement a person has in a relationship
Transactional model of jealousy
A theoretical model that examines how commitment, insecurity, and arousability interact to predict the occurence and intensity of jealousy at three levels: the individual, the relationship, the situation
Insecurity
The perceived level of commitment of one’s partner
Jealousy as a specific innate module (JSIM) theory
A pattern of sex differences in jealousy where sexual infidelity is the trigger of jealousy for men and emotional infidelity is the trigger for women
Sociosexual orientation
Tendency to engage in sex either in the context of an intimate, loving relationship (restricted orientation) or without it (unrestricted orientation)
Double-shot hypothesis
An explanation of gender differences in response to infidelity based on different sociosexual orientations
Mate guarding
A set of responses to relationship threats that can take the form of mate concealment, vigilance, monopolization of time
In-pair copulation (IPC)
The frequency with which a couple has sex
Topical cohesion
The extent to which topics introduced to a conversation are related; low cohesion is characterized by covering a lot of topics for a short time
Reasserting dominance
Establishing and maintaing dominance in a conversation by way of interruptions
Confirmation interruptions
Interruptions made for the purpose of clarification or to express agreement
Rejection interruptions
Interruptions that express diagreement
Disconfirmation interruptions
Interruptions that seek to minimize the importance of the speaker’s statements and interruptions made with the goal of changing the subject
Qualifiers
Phrases such as I guess, sort of, I mean, you know that express uncertainty
Back-channeling
A variety of verbal and nonverbal responses to another’s utterances, such as sentence completion and nodding
Transactive memory
A shared system for encoding, storing and retrieving information
Separate cultures hypothesis
The idea that men’s and women’s communication patterns are so different that they resemble distinct cultures
Positive illusions
Beliefs that are more positive than the reality warrants
Self-presentation
The process through which people try to control the impression other people form about them
Self-disclosure
The processes through which people reveal more of themselves to others
Suspicious Jealousy
A form of jealousy that occurs when one suspects a betrayal. It is characterized by feelings of anxiety and insecurity
Fait accompli jealousy
A form of jealousy that occurs when betrayal is a certainty. It is characterized by feelings of sadness, anxiety or anger
Formative attention
Attention from others that sustains part of our self-concept
Relationship violence takes four forms (Johnson 2006) which are:
Violence resistance
Intimate terrorism
Situational couple violence
Mutual violence
Violent resistance
One partner is violent and not controlling, while their partner is both violent and controlling
Intimate terrorism
The individual is violent and controlling while his or her partner is not
Situational couple violence
The individual is violent, but neither the individual nor the partner is controlling
Mutual violent control
Both partners are violent and controlling
Myopia
A condition in which the range of behaviors deemed appropriate in a given situation is narrowed
Acute stress
Stress resulting from distressing events that have a clear-cut beginning and end
Chronic stress
Stress that is long-term and has no clear onset or termination
Need for power
A general concern for:
1) having an impact on others
2) arousing strong emotions in others
3) maintaining a reputation and a sense of prestige
Quid pro quo harassment
Harassment that attempts to extort sexual cooperation by means of threats of job-related consequences
Hostile environment harassment
Harassment that attempts to extort sexual cooperation by means of threats of job-related consequences
Hostile environment harassment
Harassment that includes pervasive sex-related verbal conduct that is unwelcome or offensive
Sex-role spillover
Theoretical position that proposes that sexual harassment of women at work is the result of a spillover into the workplace of gender-based expectations for behavior
Rape
Nonconsensual oral, anal or vaginal penetration, obtained by force, by threat of bodily harm or when the victim is incapable of giving consent
Transformational view
When describing relationship conflict, this theoretical position maintains that conflict is essential for relationship growth
Conflict
The interpersonal process that occurs whenever the actions of one person interferes with the actions of another
Constructive conflict
Conflict that results in positive change and growth in a relationship
Destructive conflict
Conflict that results in termination of relationship
Demand/withdraw pattern of conflict
A conflict situation where one partner is willing to engage emotionally and verbally, while the other prefers to avoid engagement
Entailment model
A model suggesting that conflicts are preceded by a chain of events starting with casual attributions, continuing with responsibility judgments and resulting in assignment of blame
Stage model of conflict
A model suggesting that arguments follow an orderly three-stage pattern, leading to three predictable outcomes
Compromise
Conflict resolution in which one or both partners have to renounce something, leading to a less than satisfactory situation
Domination
Conflict resolution in which one partner wins and the other loses
Integrative agreement
Conflict resolution that incorporates the desires of both partners
Structural improvements
Conflict resolution that consists of a positive restructuring of the relationship
Balance theory of marriage and conflict
Theoretical model that considers the ratio of positive to negative affective experiences as the best predictor of relationship stability
Forgiveness
The forgiving of a transgression over time; it requires the transformation of relationship destructive motivation into strategies that promote the relationship
Preexisting doom
A condition that leads to relationship dissolution because the partners were ill-matched from the begining
Mechanical failure
A condition that leads to dissolution because the partners seem unable to work outdisagreements
Sudden death
A condition that leads to dissolution because one partner betrays the other by breaking the cardinal rules of the relationship
Barrier models of dissolution
These models consider both internal and external factors, such as attraction, alternative attraction and barriers, that lead to relationship termination
Intrapsychic phase
In reference to relationship dissolution, the internal ruminations of the disaffected partner
Dyadic phase
In reference to relationship dissolution, represents the interpersonal phase between the two partners
Social phase
In reference to relationship dissolution, involves the partners reaching beyond their immediate relationship (to their larger social group) to manage their social impressions
Grave dressing phase
In reference to relationship dissolution, what happens after the relationship is terminated
Loneliness
An aversive state representing the flip side of attraction and belonging
Emotional isolation
The lack or loss of psychological intimacy
Social isolation
The lack or loss of integrated, group contacts
