Exam 2 Flashcards
Sublimation:
seen as the most acceptable of the mechanisms, an expression of anxiety in socially acceptable ways.
Freud jealousy
With no envy there is no justice
Reaction formation:
acting the opposite way that the unconscious instructs a person to behave, “often exaggerated and obsessive.” (i.e. If a wife is infatuated with a man who is not her husband, reaction formation will cause her to – rather than cheat – become obsessed with showing her husband signs of love and affection.)
Projection:
possessing a feeling that is deigned as socially unacceptable and instead of facing it, that feeling or “unconscious urge” is seen actions of other people
Regression:
falling back into an early state of mental/physical development seen as “less demanding and safer”
Repression:
when a feeling is hidden and forced from the consciousness to the unconscious because it is seen as socially unacceptable.
Doesn’t really exist.
Function of jealousy
Draws us back to social interaction.
Signals claim onto a object.
Coping with envy
Self reliance
Self bolstering
Selective ignoring
Freud on conflict
Thanatos-
Eros-
Thanatos- The death drive
Eros- the tendency toward survival, propagation, sex, and other creative, life-producing drives.
Why do we feel conflict
Freud*
Id vs. superego
Ego tries to mediate by using defense mechanisms
Camus
Positive reasons to live
Fields to evaluate our lives
Courage. Future minded
Interpersonal skills. Finding purpose
Rationality. Putting troubles into perspective
Insight
Optimism
Honesty
Perseverance
Realism
Capacity for pleasure
Approach approach conflict
Two goals both are desirable.
Avoidance avoidance conflict
Both negative choices
Approach avoidance conflict
conflicts occur when there is one goal or event that has both positive and negative effects or characteristics that make the goal appealing and unappealing simultaneously. For example, marriage is a momentous decision/goal/event that has both positive and negative aspects. The positive aspects, or approach portion, of marriage are togetherness, sharing memories, and companionship; however, there are negative aspects, or avoidance portions, including money issues, arguments, and mortgages.
Multiple approach avoidance conflict
A conflict in which one must choose between options that have both many attractive and many negative aspects.
Fear of success
Contributes to failed relationships, stagnation in relationships, lose out on opportunities, largely unconscious
Matena Horner
Published paper about fear of success
Controversy over her views on women’s fear of success
Blamed lack of moving forward on women’s fear of success
Women in abusive relationships show what type of attachment style?
Pre-occupation
High in anxiety and low in avoidance
Men in abusive relationships show what type of attachment style?
High in preoccupation but more dismissing than females
Preoccupation is associated with…..
Clinging
Nagging
Abuse (most likely verbal)
What percentage of violent husbands were marked by insecure attachment style
74%
Dismissing attachment style men’s violence are trigged by what?
Wives defensiveness and aggression to reassert control
Preoccupied attachment style batterers…
Their violence is associated with the wife withdrawing or avoidance
Fearful avoidant people resort to…..when relationship power is questioned
Resort to physical aggression when relationship power is questioned
Two types of narcissism
Grandiose-extrovert, not aggreable, not modest, scores low on altruism, dishonest, aggressive dominating, rude, rages, physically aggressive, dismissing attachment style and low neurosis
Vulnerable -introvert, agreeable, modest, feel bad about self, defensive/insecure, appear shy, depressed, anxious, comes out in hostility, feels entitled but for different reasons “victims”, fearful/avoidance style of attachment and neurotic
What are the three commitment components from Arriaga and Agnew?
Psychological attachment
Long term orientation
Intention to persist and relationship stability
Higher levels of all three equals successful relationship
Dissolution phases of a relationship
Intra-psychic phase- tally good and bad (intrapersonal)
Dyadic phase- thoughts made public and confront partner (might breakup)
Social phase- reach beyond partner to seek help (might breakup)
Grave dressing phase- create a story of relationship and its end
Grave
How do women get involved in interpersonal violence?
Low self-esteem, situational/chance, interpersonal factors, quote “the inner city is a breeding ground for interpersonal violence”, witnessing domestic violence puts them at a higher risk, parents treated victim badly, androcentric cultures
Effects of violence on kids who witness it…
Those kids have lots of anxiety (don’t know how to express it),
can be depressed and self esteem is reduced (feel like it is their fault),
Increase in delinquency due to depression,
Poor judgment and express depression poorly
Domestic violence was not researched heavily until….
1970’s
Factors that indicate abuse may be taking place are:
Low self-esteem, low income, low amount of education, emotionally dependent, young and inexperienced with the world, depression, isolation, unemployed, these paint a picture of someone who has not been validated and has no self-worth and can be taken advantage of, may use drugs to dull pain
How do risk factors combine to reduce environment that violence grows in?
We don’t know yet since not everyone with these risk factors are associated in violent relationships
Why do people stay in domestic violence situations?
Hopes the partner will change, to “feel something” emotionally if they are depressed
__ of __ heterosexual couples experience violence each year
1 of 6
- Higher in younger dating samples
- Men and women perpetuate interpersonal violence at equal rates
Social cultural model:
As a culture we distribute goods, have jobs - thus we have social order with social norms (norms favor some people over other people)
Culture of honor:
Southern culture of honor:
The man leads and the woman serves
Southern men are more violent when their masculinity is threatened
Culture of female loyalty and sacrifice + male honor= a culture that breeds abusive relationships
Intra-personal model:
Focuses on social theory, cognitive behavioral approach, personality and clinical approaches
Social Learning Theory
-We will acquire tendencies of aggression through basic principles of learning. -We learn to be aggressive through classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observing. –These principles will shape a person to be aggressive. -Classical Conditioning in Abusive Relationships –Person who feels anxious has low self-esteem and no confidence. That produces anxiety. They attach themselves to a person who will make them feel better. With this person around, their anxiety level goes down and they’re conditioned to be with this person. This person starts to belittle them and criticize them. If they try to separate from this person, anxiety comes back. -Operant Conditioning in Abusive Relationships –Male will shape the female into submission -Observational Learning –Learn by observing –Studies show that men who are beaten as children or witness mothers beat are more likely to abuse wives. Though most grow up and do not become batterers.
What goes on in the minds of people who are perpetrators of violence?
-They have difficulty decoding messages -Less confident in decision making – they see violence as a satisfactory way of resolving differences. -More likely to experience anger, contempt and disgust in situations where most people let go.
Learned Helplessness
-When we subject a person to adverse stimuli of which they can’t escape, they’ll stop trying to avoid it. -Even when presented with ways to escape, they’ll go back.
Cognitive Behavioral Approach: Attribution Theory
-Ways we attribute a cause or an explanation to an event. -Global attribution or specific attribution -Global Attribution –Person believes it’s ‘the way things are’ -Specific Attribution –Defined to a particular situation -Stable attribution or unstable attribution -Stable Attribution –Consistent Across time -Unstable Attribution –Person thinks the cause is specific to one point in time
Personality Approach: Five Factor Model
High-Neuroticism
-Disposition
–High Negative Emotion
–See things through negative lenses
-High incidence of depression
-Anxiety Related Illness
–Problems in relationships
—Releases physically onto another person
-These people have jealous relationships
-Unrealistic Expectations
-Unrealistic expectations in a blameful way
–This is reaction formation
Clinical Approach:
These people have more psychopathology than normal person -Higher rates of alcohol abuse -Higher scores in depression -Depression can coincide with anger -High anxiety
Research shows:
Showed if there was a depressive episode at age 18 and the person smoked pot and drank alcohol, there were greater odds of relationship abuse by the age of 26. If someone has post-traumatic stress syndrome, there are greater odds of having a violent relationship. -1/3 of combat veterans with PSD will have domestic violence incidents in a given year. 2-3x higher than veterans who do not have PSD.
Violent couples seem to be distressed and unhappy. -Low marital satisfaction. -May have best verbal arguments of anyone Why do they stay?
-Fear of choices -Financially dependent -No place to go -Feel guilty and ashamed about relationships -Loved ones likely to fall into trap of victim blaming -Fear of safety if they leave
Violent couples seem to be distressed and unhappy.
What can we do to keep ourselves from falling into these traps of relationship violence?
-Adopt healthier ways to think prior to relationship -Know that life changes, so be adaptable. -Focus on success -Seat and visualize goals
__% of children in US born to single mothers
40%
__/__of all boys raised in father-absent homes
1/3
Brain facts
Males brains develop more slowly than female brains –Female brains for adept to verbal and social skills –When males don’t fit mold while younger, they will not like going to school and will be disciplined more. -Boys learn faster and better by using their hands -However, educational system is not geared towards that kind of learning. -Females outperform males at all levels of elementary school to graduate school.
___% of males don’t do homework in highschool
8.5%
___% of girls don’t do homework in highschool
2.5%
________ less likely to get a bachelors degree
Males
/ of kids in special education are male
2/3
Boys are _x more likely to have ADHD
5x
_______ are socially awkward and have a problem with shyness
Boys
Social Intensity Syndrome
-We see high cortisol levels -To cope, guys will hang out in clubs, gangs, sports, pubs or frats rather than socialize with women. -Prefer male bonding over mating -Feel better with talking to people online than real social relationships
What is causing social intensity syndrome?
-Researchers say the internet is the prime culprit. -Video gaming -Socialization skills are not learned -Primary outlets on internet: Porn, video games –These are called arousal addictions – different than drug addictions. —Drug addictions you want more, but arousal addictions you want the same.
TEST QUESTIONS: Boys today by 21 will play ______ video games; most will be played alone.
10,000
Test Question:
The average male watches __ porn clips a week
50
The porn industry on the internet makes _________ dollars a year
15 billion
For every _____ Hollywood movies, ______ porn movies are made.
- 11,000.
Young adult males brains affect of porn
-Young adult males brains are being rewired for this constant arousal. -Causes people to not think socially
High debt equated with…..
trouble caring about other people
Most young males see owning a house and having a family as _________
un-obtainable
Random stats….
–In kindergarten, male brains are not ready for reading but they’re forced to learn –Conditioned to dislike learning -Multitasking is impossible to be good at –Disconnected and distracted constantly –Analytical reasoning doesn’t exist during multi tasking
In kindergarten, male brains are not ready for reading but they’re forced to learn –Conditioned to dislike learning -Multitasking is impossible to be good at –Disconnected and distracted constantly –Analytical reasoning doesn’t exist during multi tasking
