SUMMARIES of CP

Question 1

Schizophrenia

Genetic explanation

Answer 1

• Genes are passed on.
• Gottesman and Sheilds (1972)

Question 2

Schizophrenia

Biological explanation

Answer 2

• The dopamine hypothesis
• Falkai (post-mortems)
• Lindstrom (L-Dopa produces symptoms)

Question 3

Schizophrenia

Cognitive explanation

Answer 3

• Frith’s attention deficit theory
• TOM

Question 4

Schizophrenia

Biological treatment

Answer 4

• First/second/third gen drugs
• Sakar and Grover
• ECT

Question 5

Schizophrenia

Behavioural/psychological treatment

Answer 5

• Token economy system (operant conditioning)
• CBT
• Sensky

Question 6

Mood (affective) disorders

Cognitive explanation

Answer 6

• Beck’s negative triad
• Learned helplessness and attribution style
• Seligman

Question 7

Mood (affective) disorders

Biological explanation

Answer 7

• Low serotonin = SSRIs
• Genetic
• Oruc et al.

Question 8

Mood (affective) disorders

Biochemical treatment

Answer 8

• Drug therapy: paliperidone, olanzapine, lithium.

Question 9

Mood (affective) disorders

Biological treatment

Answer 9

• Tricyclics
• MAOIs
• SSRIs
• ECT

Question 10

Mood (affective) disorders

Cognitive/behavioural treatments

Answer 10

CBT:
* Cognitive restructuring
* REBT - Ellis’ ABCDE model
* Lyon and Woods (meta-analysis)

Question 11

Impulse control disorders

Biological explanation

Answer 11

• Low dopamine genetically so resort to behaviours (operant conditioning)
• Reward deficiency syndrome

Question 12

Impulse control disorders

Psychological explanations

Answer 12

• Behavioural: Positive reinforcement
• Cognitive: Miller’s feeling state theory

Question 13

Impulse control disorders

Biological treatment

Answer 13

• SSRIs
• Opiate antagonists
• Grant et al.

Question 14

Impulse control disorders

Cognitive/behavioural treatment

Answer 14

• Covert/overt sensitisation
• Glover
• Imaginal desensitisation
• Blasznski and Nower

Question 15

Anxiety and fear-related disorders

Behavioural explanation

Answer 15

• Operant conditioning (Little Albert)
• Classical conditioning

Evaluation:
* Two-process model
* Freud - OAPLG

Question 16

Anxiety and fear-related disorders

Biological/medical/genetic explanations

Answer 16

• Genetic - twin studies
• Cooke and Mineka
• Ost et al.
• Applied tension therapy (AT)

Question 17

Anxiety and fear-related disorders

Cognitive explanation

Answer 17

• Dinardo et al.
• Thought processes are wrong
• Catastrophising
• Arbitrary references
• Selective abstractation
• Excessive responsiblity
• Overgeneralisation
• All or none (dichotomous) thinking
• Ellis’ ABCDE model

Question 18

Anxiety and fear-related disorders

Behavioural treatment

Answer 18

• Systematic desensitisation
• Flooding
• CBT
• Ost and Westling
• Implosion
• Chapman and Delapp

Question 19

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Biochemical explanation

Answer 19

• High oxytocin levels
• High dopamine
• Low serotonin

Question 20

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Psychological explanation

Answer 20

• Cognitive: thinking error
• Behavioural: operant conditioning

Question 21

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Biological explanation

Answer 21

Genes:
* Nestadt et al.
* COMT gene
* DRD4 gene
* PTPRD gene
* SSLITRK1 gene

Question 22

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Psychodynamic explanation

Answer 22

• Anal stage of psychosexual development
• Freud

Question 23

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Biological treatment

Answer 23

• SSRIs
• Soomro et al.
• Askari et al.

Question 24

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Psychological treatment

Answer 24

• Exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy
• Lehmkuhl et al.
• CBT
• Lovell et al.