Sultanate period Flashcards
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Who was the first Muslim invader of Delhi Sultanate?
Mohammad Bin Qasim
What year did Mohammad Bin Qasim invade India?
712 AD
Who led the first Turk invasion-Mahmud Ghaznavi’s Invasion (1000-27 AD)?
Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni
How many expeditions to India did Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni lead?
About 17
What Hindu temple did Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni attack and raid?
The temple of Somnath
In what year was the temple of Somnath destroyed by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni?
1026 AD
What title was given to Sultan Mahmud as a reward for his services to Islam after destroying the temple of Somnath?
‘Yamin-al-Dawla’
What dynasty is associated with ‘Yamin-al-Dawla’?
The Yamini Dynasty
Who led the second Turk invasion-Mohammad Ghori’s Invasion (1175-1205 AD)?
Mohammad Ghori
What significant impact did Mohammad Ghori have in India?
He laid the foundation of Muslim dominion in India.
What was the name of the new political entity in India that emerged from Mohammed Ghori’s conquests?
The Delhi Sultanate
What period of Indian history is covered by the Delhi Sultanate?
1206-1526 AD
How many distinct periods or dynasties can the Delhi Sultanate be divided into?
Five
What was the name of the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate?
The Slave Dynasty
Who was the founder of the Slave Dynasty?
Qutubuddin Aibak
What was the origin of Qutubuddin Aibak?
A Turkish slave
What was the title given to Qutubuddin Aibak for his generosity?
‘Lakh Baksh’ (giver of Lakhs)
How did Qutubuddin Aibak die?
He died in 1210 while playing Chaugan or Polo.
Who constructed two mosques at Ajmer and Adhai din ka Jhonpra?
Qutbuddin Aibak
Who started the construction of Qutub Minar in honour of Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki?
Qutbuddin Aibak
Who was the author of ‘Taj-ul-Maasir’ and was patronised by Qutbuddin Aibak?
Hasan-un-Nizami
Who was a slave of Qutbuddin Aibak and became the ruler of Delhi in 1211?
Shamsuddin Iltutmish
Why is Shamsuddin Iltutmish regarded as the real founder of the Delhi Sultanate?
He made Delhi the capital in place of Lahore and brought reforms in administration. currency. and army.
How did Shamsuddin Iltutmish save Delhi Sultanate from the wrath of Changiz Khan?
He refused to offer shelter to Jalaluddin Manglabarni. who was fleeing from Changiz Khan.
What were the names of the silver and copper coins introduced by Shamsuddin Iltutmish?
Tanka and Jital
What was the name of the official nobility of slaves set up by Shamsuddin Iltutmish?
Chahalgani or Chalisa (group of 40)
Who completed the construction of Qutub Minar which was started by Qutbuddin Aibak?
Shamsuddin Iltutmish
Who was the author of ‘Tahrik-i Nasiri’ and was patronised by Shamsuddin Iltutmish?
Minhaj-us-Siraj
Who was the son of Iltutmish and was crowned by his mother. Shah Turkan?
Ruknuddin
What did Ruknuddin try to do when he faced a rebellion in Avadh?
He tried to curb the rebellion.
Who deposed Ruknuddin and ascended the throne?
Razia. the daughter of Iltutmish
What was the unique distinction of Razia Sultana as a ruler of India?
She was the first and only Muslim lady who ever ruled India.
Who was the third son of Iltutmish and sat on the throne after Razia?
Bahram Shah
Who placed Bahram Shah on the throne?
The powerful Turkish council.
Who founded the Vijayanagar Empire and the city?
Harihara and Bukka (sons of Sangama)
Who were Harihara and Bukka feudatories of before becoming ministers in the court of Kampili?
The Kakatiyas
Where was the Vijayanagar Empire located?
In the Deccan. to the south of the Bahmani kingdom.
What were the three areas of conflict between Vijayanagar and Bahmani kingdoms?
Raichur doab (between Krishna and Tungabhadra). Krishna-Godavari delta. and Marathwada.
What was the name of the first dynasty of the Vijayanagar Empire?
The Sangama Dynasty
Who renamed the city of Vidyanager to Vijayanager?
Bukka-I
Who restored harmony between the warring Vaishnavas and Jains?
Bukka-I
Which king had ambassadors from other countries in his court?
Bukka-I
Who succeeded Bukka-I as the ruler of Vijayanagar?
Harihara II
What were the four dynasties of the Vijayanagar Empire and their founders?
Sangama (Harihara and Bukka). Saluva (Saluva Narasimha). Tuluva (Veera Narasimha). and Aravidu (Veera Narasimha)
Who was the third son of Harihara II and what was his greatest achievement?
Deva Raya I. who built a dam across the Tungabhadra with canals leading to the city.
Who visited Vijayanagar during the reign of Deva Raya I?
Nicolo de Conti. an Italian traveler.
Who was the grandson of Deva Raya I and what did he do to counter the Bahmani invasion?
Deva Raya II. who began the practice of employing Muslim soldiers in his army.
What was the title of Deva Raya II and what was his hobby?
‘Praudh Deva Raya’. meaning the learned Deva Raya. and he was fond of hunting elephants.
Which country paid a regular tribute to Deva Raya II?
Sri Lanka
What was the religion of Deva Raya II and how did he treat other religions?
He was a follower of Vira Shaivism. but he respected other religions.
Who were the court poets of Deva Raya II?
Dindima and Srinatha
Who founded the Saluva Dynasty?
Saluva Narasimha
Who was the chief minister of Vira Narsimha and placed Krishna Deva Raya on the throne?
Saluva Timma
Which Portuguese governor did Krishna Deva Raya maintain friendly relations with?
Albuquerque
Which kingdom did Krishna Deva Raya win for Vijayanagar?
Orissa (Gajapati kingdom)
What were the names of the temples that Krishna Deva Raya built?
Vijaya Mahal. Hazara Rama temple. and Vithal Swami temple
What were the titles of Krishna Deva Raya?
Yavanaraja Sthapanacharya (restorer of the yavanas kingdom i.e. Bidar Kingdom). Abhinava Bhoja. Andhra Bhoja. and Mooru Rayara Ganda (husband of three queens).
Who were the eight celebrated poets of Telugu who adorned the court of Krishna Deva Raya?
Peddana. Timmakka. Bhattumurthi. Dhurjati. Mallana. Raju Ramachandra. Surana. and Tenali Ramkrisha
Who was the contemporary of Babur and the most illustrious ruler of the Deccan?
Krishna Deva Raya
Which two Portuguese travellers visited Vijayanagar during the time of Krishna Deva Raya?
Duarte Barbosa and Domingo Paes
Who was the Portuguese horse trader who visited Vijayanagar during the reign of Achyuta Deva Raya?
Ferma Nune
Who was the successor of Achyuta Deva Raya and who exercised the real power during his reign?
Venkata I was the successor and Rama Raja. the brother-in-law of Krishna Deva Raya. exercised the real power.
What was the name of the battle fought on 23 Jan.. 1565 between Vijayanagar and an alliance of the Bahamani successor states?
The Battle of Talikota or the Battle of Rakshasa Tangadi
What was the fate of Rama Raja and Vijayanagar in that battle?
Rama Raja was defeated and killed and Vijayanagar was mercilessly destroyed.
Which Italian traveller visited Vijayanagar in 1567-68?
Caesar Frederick
Who ruled in the name of Sadasiva Raya and shifted the capital to Penukonda?
Tirumala Raya. the brother of Rama Raja
How did Tirumala Raya divide his empire?
He divided it into three linguistic sections.
When did the Aravidu Dynasty end?
In 1646
What was the name of the engineer who discovered the ruins of Vijayanagar at Hampi in 1800?
Colonel Colin Mackenzie
What was the name of the new style of architecture developed by Vijayanagar rulers?
Provida style
What was the most common animal depicted on the pillars and piers of Provida style?
Horse
What were the names of the two important features of Provida style?
Mandapa and Amman Shrine
Which temples were examples of Provida style?
Vithalswami and Hazara Rama Temple at Hampi. Tadapatri and Parvati temples at Chidambaram and Varadaraja and Ekambarnath temples at Kanchipuram
Who founded the Bahmani Kingdom in 1347?
Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah or Hasan Gangu
What was the first capital of the Bahmani Kingdom?
Gulbarga
Who was the greatest among the Bahmani rulers according to the text?
Tajuddin Firoz Shah
Who transferred the capital of the Bahmani Empire from Gulbarga to Bidar?
Ahmad Shah Wali
What were the five kingdoms that resulted from the breakup of the Bahmani Empire?
Berar. Bijapur. Ahmadnagar. Golconda. and Bidar
Who was the founder of the Berar kingdom and what was the name of his dynasty?
Fataullah Imad Shahi. Imad
Who was the founder of the Bijapur kingdom and what was the name of his dynasty?
Yusuf Adil Shah. Adil
Who was the founder of the Ahmadnagar kingdom and what was the name of his dynasty?
Malik Ahmad Nizam Shahi. Nizam
Who was the founder of the Golconda kingdom and what was the name of his dynasty?
Quli Qutub Shah. Qutub
Who was the founder of the Bidar kingdom and what was the name of his dynasty?
Amir Ali Barid. Barid Shahi Barid
Who introduced Dakhini in place of Persian as the court language of the Adil Shahi dynasty?
Ibrahim Adil Shah
Who built Gol Gumbaz and what is it famous for?
Muhammad Adil Shah. it is famous for the ‘Whispering Gallery’ designed by Yaqut of Dabul.
Who built the Golconda Fort and the Charminar?
Qutub Quli Qutub Shah and Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah respectively.
What was the original name of Hyderabad and after whom was it named?
Bhagyanagar. after the Sultan’s favourite. Bhagyamati.
What were the names of the other provincial kingdoms. their capitals. and their founders?
Jaunpur (Sharqui) with capital Jaunpur and founder Malik Sarwar Khwaja Jahan. Malwa (Ghuri) with capital Mandu and founder Dilawar Khan Ghuri. Gujarat (Muzaffarid) with capital Ahmadabad and founder Sultan Ahmad I Muzaffarid. Bengal (Ilyas Shahi) with capital Lakhnauti and founder Shamsuddin Ilyas Khan. Berar (Imad Shahi) with capital Ellichpur and founder Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk. and Khandesh (Faruqi) with capital Burhanpur and founder Malik Raja Faruqi.
Who is Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti (1141-1236)?
The founder of the Chisti order. the first and most popular liberal Sufi order.
Who is Chirag-i-Delhi?
Syed Muhammad Gesu Daraz (d. 1421). known as Bandanawaz (Benefactor of God’s creatures). who authored more than 30 books on Sufism and was one of the early writers and poets in Urdu.
What did Shaikh Buruddin Samarkandi found in the 13th Century?
Firdausi order which was restricted to Bihar.
Who are Shah Nayamat Ilah Qadiri and Shah Abdullah Qutb?
Sufi saints in the 15th century who founded the Qadiriya order.
What did Shah Abdullah Qutb do later?
Founded the Shattari order. which spread mainly in Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.
What is Miyan Mir (1550-1635) known for?
Being the most popular Sufi saint of the Qadiriya order.
What did Khwaja Baqi Billah (1536-1603) found?
The Naqshbandia order. its most famous saint was Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi (d.1625) known as Mujaddidi Alfif.
Who is Ramanuja (1017–1137)?
The Vaishnava saint from South India. The earliest exponent of Bhakti movement and Vishishtadvaita philosophy.
Who is Ramananda (14–15 Century)?
The first great Bhakti saint of North India who opened the doors of Bhakti without any distinction of birth. caste. creed or sex.
Who is Kabir (1440–1510)?
The most radical disciple of Ramananda who was opposed to caste. creed. image worship unnecessary rituals and sought to remove distinction between Hindus and Muslims and believed in social unity.
Who is Guru Nanak (1469–1538)?
A Nirguna Bhakti saint social reformer. The first Sikh Guru founder Sikhism.
Who is Chaitanya (1486–1533)?
One of the greatest saints of Krishna Bhakti cult and founder of Gaudiya or Bengal Vaishnavism.
Who is Vidyapati (14~15th Century)?
Maithili saint-poet who wrote thousands of love-ballads on Radha-Krishna (‘Padavali’).
Who is Purandar Das (1480–1564)?
The foremost and the most prolific Vaishnav saint-composer in Karnataka. Believed to have laid the foundations of the modern phase of Karnataka music.
Who is Mirabai (1498–1546)?
The Rathor princess of Merata and daughter-in-law of Rana Sanga of Mewar. The most well-known woman Bhakti saint of the Krishna cult of Vaishnavism.
Who is Vallabhacharya (1479–1531)?
A great saint of the Krishna Bhakti cult of Vaishnavism. who propounded the philosophy of Pushti Marg.
Who is Surdas (1483–1563)?
A blind poet of Agra. He sang the glory of Krishna in his ‘Sursagar’
Who is Tulsidas (1532–1623)?
The greatest saint-poet of the Ram Bhakti cult of Vaishnavism. The celebrated author of ‘Ramcharitmanas’. ‘Kavitawali’ and ‘Gitawali’.
Who is Shankara Deva (1449–1568)?
The founder of the Vaishnava devotional movement in Assam.
Who is Khwaja Ali Hujwiri (11th Century)?
Also Known as Data Ganj Baksh. the earliest Sufi saint of eminence known to have settled in India. the author of celebrated manual of Sufism entitled ‘Kashf-ul-Mahjub’
Who is Shaikh Bahauddin Zakariya (1182-1262)?
The founder of the Suhara-wardi order who founded the first leading Khanqah in India at Multan.
What is Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra at Ajmer?
A mosque with a prayer hall. an exquisitely carved Mehrab of marble and a decorative arch screen.
What is the first example of true or voussoired arch?
The tomb of Ghiyasuddin Balban in Mehrauli.
What is the famous example of voussoired arch dome in the Khilji period?
The tomb of Hazrat Nizamuddin Aulia at Delhi.
What is the Moth ki Masjid?
A mosque erected by the prime minister Sikandar Lodhi.
What is Tahqiq-i-Hind?
A book by Alberuni about India’s society and culture.
Who is Minhaj-us-Siraj?
The author of Tabaqat-i-Nasiri. a historical account of India and its rulers.
What is Laila-Majnu?
A love story written by Amir Khusrau. the court poet of emperor Ghayasuddin Balban.
What is Khazain-ul-Futuh?
A book by Amir Khusrau that describes the conquests of Alauddin Khilji.
Who is Ziauddin Barani?
A historian and poet who wrote Nu Saphir. Fatawa-i-Jahandari. and Tarikha-i-Firoz Shahi.
What is Fatawa-i-Firoz Shahi?
A book by Firoz Shah Tughlaq that gives an account of his reign and Indian society.
What is Kitab-fi-Tahqiq fi Ahwal Hind wa al-Barbar wa man asharahum min dhawi al-Shamal wa al-Janub?
A book by Alberuni that provides a comprehensive study of India and its neighboring regions.
What is Qanun-al-Jawahir fi Ilm al-Jawahir?
A book by Alberuni that deals with mineralogy and gemology.
Q: What is the title of the dictionary of Arabic written by Firozabadi?
A: Qimas
Q: Who wrote the history of Ilbari dynasty titled Taj-ul-Maathir?
A: Hasan Nizami
Q: Which work by Ali bin Hamid Kufi is a history of Sind?
A: Chach Namah
Q: What is the name of the Persian anthology compiled by Bhukhari?
A: Lubab-ul-Albab
Q: Which literary and poetic work by Amir Khusrau is also known as Khamsah?
A: Panj Ganj
Q: What was the name of the water tax imposed by Firoz Shah Tughlaq?
A: Haque-Sharb or Haque-i-Sharb
Q: Which city was founded by Firoz Shah Tughlaq in the memory of Mohammad bin Tughlaq?
A: Jaunpur
Q: Where did Firoz Shah Tughlaq bring the two pillars of Ashoka from?
A: Topra (Haryana) and Merrut (U.P.)
Q: What was the name of the hospital established by Firoz Shah Tughlaq at Delhi?
A: Dar-ul-Shifa
Q: Who invaded India during the reign of Mahmud Shah Tughlaq. the last ruler of Tughlaq dynasty?
A: Timur. the lame
Q: Who was the son of Bahlol Lodi who conquered Bihar and Western Bengal?
A: Sikandar Lodi
Q: Which city was founded by Sikandar Lodi?
A: Agra
Q: What was the name of the measuring unit introduced by Sikandar Lodi for measuring cultivated fields?
A: Gaz-i-Sikandari or Sikandar’s yard
Q: What was the pen-name of Sikandar Lodi as a poet?
A: Gulrukhi
Q: Who was the last king of Lodhi dynasty and the last Sultan of Delhi?
A: Ibrahim Lodi
Q: Who invited Babur to overthrow Ibrahim Lodi?
A: Daulat Khan Lodhi. governor of Punjab
Q: In which battle did Babur defeat Ibrahim Lodi?
A: The first battle of Panipat in 1526
Q: Which Sultan faced the first Mongolian invasion in 1221 AD?
A: Iltutmish
Q: Which Mongol leader came up to the bank of Indus in 1221 AD?
A: Chengez Khan
Q: Which Sultan’s reign saw the looting and killing at Lahore by Tair Bahadur in 1241 AD?
A: Bahram
Q: Which Sultan fought back the Mongols and recovered Multan in 1245 AD?
A: Masud
Q: Who was the commander who helped Masud in fighting the Mongols in 1245 AD?
A: Balban
Q: Which Sultan defeated the Mongols in 1279 AD with the help of Bughra Khan and Malik Mubarak?
A: Balban
Q: Who was the prince of Multan who escaped from the Mongols in 1279 AD?
A: Muhammad
Q: Who killed Khusrau Khan. the last king of the Khilji dynasty?
A: Ghazi Malik
Q: What was the title assumed by Ghazi Malik after ascending the throne of Delhi?
A: Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
Q: How did Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq die?
A: In an accident
Q: What was the name of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq’s son who succeeded him?
A: Jauna or Ulugh Khan
Q: What was the title assumed by Jauna or Ulugh Khan after ascending the throne?
A: Mohammad-bin Tughlaq
Q: In which year did Mohammad-bin Tughlaq become the Sultan of Delhi?
A: 1325 AD
Q: What was the name of the controversial step taken by Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq soon after his accession?
A: Transfer of Capital
Q: From which city did Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq transfer the capital to Devagiri?
A: Delhi
Q: What was the reason behind transferring the capital to Devagiri?
A: To control South India better
Q: What was the new name given to Devagiri after the transfer?
A: Daulatabad
Q: How long did Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq stay in Daulatabad before abandoning it?
A: A couple of years
Q: In which year did Madurai become independent?
A: 1335
Q: Who founded the Vijayanagar empire in 1336?
A: Harihara and Bukka
Q: Which kingdom became independent in 1336 under Kanhaiya?
A: Warangal
Q: What was the name of the revolt that led to the foundation of Bahmani in 1347?
A: Revolt of Sada Amirs
Q: Who was the founder of Bahmani?
A: Hasan Gangu
Q: Where did Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq die while campaigning?
A: Thatta in Sindh
Q: Who was the cousin and successor of Mohammad-bin-Tughlaq?
A: Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Q: During whose time did Jizya become a separate tax?
A: Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Q: Why did Firoz refuse to exempt the Brahmanas from Jizya?
A: Because this was not provided for in Shariat
Q: What was the name of the new system of taxation according to Quran?
A: Kharaj
Q: What were the four kinds of taxes sanctioned by the Quran?
A: Kharaj. Zakat. Jizya. and Khams
Q: Who was the son of Ruknuddin who was deposed after the second Nasiri revolution?
A: Nasiruddin Shah
Q: Who was the son of Itutmish who was known as the Darvesh King?
A: Nasiruddin Mahamud
Q: Who broke the power of Chalisa and restored the prestige of the crown?
A: Ghiyasuddin Balban
Q: What was the name of the military department established by Balban?
A: Diwan-i-Arz
Q: What was the title taken by Balban to indicate his divine right to rule?
A: Zil-i-lahi or Shadow of God
Q: What were the two forms of salutation introduced by Balban?
A: Sijda (prostration before monarch) and Paibos (kissing feet of monarch)
Q: Who founded the Khilji dynasty?
A: Jalaluddin Khilji
Q: Who killed Jalaluddin Khilji and succeeded the throne in 1296?
A: Alauddin Khilji
Q: What was the slogan of Alauddin Khilji that separated religion from politics?
A: Kingship knows no Kinship
Q: Which regions did Alauddin Khilji annex during his imperialism?
A: Gujarat. Ranthambhor. Mewar. Malwa. Jalore
Q: Who was the commander of Alauddin Khilji’s army in Deccan?
A: Malik Kafur
Q: Who was the grandson of Balban who became the Sultan in 1287?
A: Kaiqubad
Q: Who was the minister who helped Kaiqubad to ascend the throne?
A: Fakruddin
Q: What was the name of the system of branding horses introduced by Alauddin?
A: Pagh
Q: What was the name of the descriptive roll of soldiers introduced by Alauddin?
A: Chehra
Q: What was the name of the special officer created for the purpose of collection of revenue by Alauddin?
A: Mustakhraj
Q: What was the name of the open market where all goods for sale were brought by Alauddin?
A: Sarai-Adal
Q: What was the name of the most important fort built by Alauddin?
A: Alai fort
Q: What was the name of the entrance gate of Qutub Minar built by Alauddin?
A: Alai Darwaza
Q: What was the name of the palace of thousand pillars built by Alauddin?
A: Hazar Sutun
Q: Who seized the throne after the death of Alauddin in 1316?
A: Malik Kafur
Q: Who was freed from prison and worked as regent for Shihabuddin after the death of Kafur?
A: Mubarak Khan
Q: Who killed Khusrau Khan in 1320?
A: Ghazi Malik. governor of Dipalpur
Q: Who was the son of Ghazi Malik who joined the rebellion against Khusrau Khan?
A: Fakhruddin Jauna
