Post Mauryan period Flashcards
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Post-Maurya/Pre-Gupta Period
185 BC-319 AD
Name the dynasty after the Mauryas
Sunga Dynasty
What was the capital of the Sunga Dynasty
Vidisha (M.P)
Who established the Sunga Dynasty
Pushyamitra Sunga
In which year was the Sunga Dynasty established
185 BC
What was Pushyamitra Sunga’s role in the Mauryan dynasty
Brahmin Commander-in-Chief
Who was the last Mauryan ruler
Brihadratha
During whose reign was the great Buddhist stupa at Bharhut built
Sungas
Who succeeded Pushyamitra Sunga
Agnimitra
Which drama features Agnimitra as the hero
Malvikagnimitra
Brahminical influence revival during which dynasty’s rule
Sunga Dynasty
Which religion became important during the Sunga Dynasty
Bhagavata religion
Where was Patanjali
the author of the Mahabhasya
How many Asvamedha Yajnas were performed by Pushymitra Sunga
2
Who was the priest for Pushymitra Sunga’s Asvamedha Yajnas
Patanjali
What is the most famous monument of the Sunga period in arts
Bharhut Stupa
Which ruler performed the Asvamedha Yajnas
Pushymitra Sunga
What surrounds the Sanchi Stupa and was constructed during the Sunga period
Fine gateway railing
Who built the Sanchi Stupa
Ashoka
Where was the capital of the Kanva Dynasty
Patliputral
Who murdered the last ruler of the Sunga dynasty
Vasudeva
Who founded the Kanva dynasty after murdering Devabhuti
Vasudeva
When did the Kanva dynasty come to an end
28 BC
Where did the early Satavahana kings first appear
Maharashtra
Who was the founder of the Satavahana dynasty
Simuka
What was the reign period of Simuka
the founder of the Satavahana dynasty
Which ruler raised the power and prestige of the Satavahana dynasty through conquests
Satakarni
Who was the 17th ruler of the Satavahana dynasty and the author of Gathasaptasati
Hala
Who was the contemporary of Hala and the author of Vrihat Katha
Gunadhya
Which Satavahana ruler revived the dynasty’s power and defeated the Saka Ksatrap Nahapana
Gautamiputra Satakarni
Which Satavahana ruler was married to the daughter of Saka Kstrapa Rudradaman
Vasishthiputra Sri Satakarni
Who defeated Vasishthiputra Sri Satakarni twice
Saka Kstrapa Rudradaman
Who was the last great ruler of the Satavahana dynasty
Yajna Sri Satakarni
Who was the last ruler of the Satavahana dynasty
PulamavilV
Which dynasty succeeded the Satavahanas in the 3rd Century AD
Ikshvak
Where were many Chaityas and Viharas cut out from rocks during the Satavahana rule
North-West Deccan or Maharashtra
Name three famous Stupas attributed to the Satavahana period
Nasik_ Kanheri_ Karle
Official language of the Satavahanas
Prakrit
Coins issued by the Satavahanas
Lead (mainly); Copper bronze;Potin
Cheti/Chedi Dynasty of Kalinga Dynasty’s rise
1st century BC
Information source about the Cheti/Chedi Dynasty
Hathigumpha Inscription (near Bhubaneshwar; Orissa)
3rd ruler of the Cheti/Chedi Dynasty
Kharavela
Kharavela’s belief
Follower of Jainism
Kharavela’s contributions
Liberal patron of Jain monks; constructed caves on the Udayagiri hill near Bhubaneshwar
Indo-Greeks Time of rule
2nd century BC
Famous Indo-Greek ruler
Menander (Milinda)
Menander’s conversion to Buddhism
By Nagasena or Nagarjuna
Indo-Greeks’ contribution to Indian history
Issued large number of coins; first rulers to issue gold coins; introduced Hellenic features in art (Gandhar school)
Sakas (Scythians) Time of rule
1st century BC-4th century AD
Branches of Sakas
Controlled different parts of Western India
Most important branch of Sakas
Ruled in Western India till the 4th century AD
Famous Saka ruler
Kudradaman (130 AD-150 AD)
Conquests against the Satavahanas
patronage of Sanskrit
Other important Saka rulers
Nahapana Ushavadeva Ghamatika Chashtana
Vikramaditya’s fight against the Sakas
Supposedly in about 58 BC
Era reckoned from Vikramaditya’s fight
Vikrama Samvat (from 58 BC)
Parthians Time of rule
1st century BC-1st century AD
Origin of the Parthians
Iran
Parthians’ replacement of Sakas in North-Western India
Controlling a smaller area
Famous Parthian king
Gondaphernes
Gondaphernes’ reign and notable event
St. Thomas said to have come to India for the propagation of Christianity
Time of rule
1st century AD-3rd century AD
Origin of the Kushans
One of the five Yeuchi clans of Central Asia Replacement of the Parthians by the Kushans in North-Western India
Expansion of the Kushans
Lower Indus basin. Upper and middle Gangetic basin
Founder of the first Kushan dynasty
Kadphises I / Kujul Kadphises
Second king of the first Kushan dynasty
Kadphises II / Vema Kadphises
Notable achievement of Kadphises II
Issuing gold coins
Relationship between Kanishka and Vema Kadphises
Kanishka was the son of Vema Kadphises
Kanishka’s reign and capitals
78 AD-101 AD; Capitals at Peshawar (Purushapura) and Mathura
Kanishka’s era and its use by the Government of India
Saka era (78 AD)
Kanishka’s patronage
Great patron of Mahayana Buddhism
4th Buddhist council in Kanishka’s reign
Held in Kundalavana
Last great Kushan ruler
Vasudeva I
Kushan Controlled route starting from China
passing through their empire to Iran and Western Asia (Silk Route)First rulers in India to issue gold coins on a wide scale
Scholars patronized in Kanishka’s court
Parsva.Vasumitra.Asvaghosha. Nagarjuna.Charak.Mathara
Amaravati School (150 BC-400 AD)
Satavahanas
Gandhar School (50 BC-5th Century AD)
Sakas-Kushans
Mathura School (150 AD-300 AD)
Saka-Kushans
Note about Gandhar School
Evident influence of Greek sculpture
Note about Mathura School
Evolved an indigenous form
Discovery of monsoon sea-route to India in 46-47 AD
By Greek sailor Hippalus
Important ports in post Mauryan period
Barygaza (Bharoch) and Barbairicum (Western Coast); Aricamedu
Three kingdoms of sangam period
Chera. Chola. Pandya
Chera (emblem. Capital. First ruler. Famous ruler)
Bow. Vanjji. udiyangeral. Senguttuvan.
Chola(emblem. Capital. First ruler. Famous ruler)
tiger. Uraiaur. Elora. Karikala
Pandya (emblem. Capital. First ruler. Famous ruler)
Fish. Madurai. Mudukudumi. Nendujelian
The Chera country occupied the portion of
Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
The capital of Cheras was
Vanjj
Chera’s main ports were
Muzris and Tondi
The Romans set up two regiment at —– (identical with Cranganore) in Chera country. They also built a temple of
Muzris ; Augustus at Muzris
One of the earliest and better known among Chera rulers was ——. It is said that he fed both the armies of Kurukshetra war and so earned the title
Udiyangeral.
The greatest of Chera king
however was It is said that he invaded the North and even crossed the Ganges
Senguttuvan or Red Chera was also the founder of the famous ——– related to worship of goddess of chastity-Kannagi
Pattini cult
The Chola kingdom called
Cholamandalam
Chola kingdom was situated to the North-East of Pandya kingdom between
Pennar and Vellar rivers.
The Chola kingdom corresponded to the modern
Tanjore and Tiruchchirap-palli districts.
Chola inland capital was —– a place famous for cotton trade
Uraiyaur
The earliest known Chola king was —– who conquered Sri Lanka and ruled over it for nearly 50 years
Elara
Their greatest king was —- (man with charred leg) who founded Puhar (Kaveripattanam)
Karikala
Karikala constructed
160 km of embankment along the Kaveri river with the help of 12000 Sri Lankan slaves.
The Cholas were wiped out in the attack of
Pallavas from the North
——- were first mentioned by Megasthanese
who said their kingdom was famous for pearls
The Pandya king profited from trade with Roman Empire and sent emissaries to Roman emperor
Augustus and Trojan
The earliest known Pandyan ruler was
Mudukudum
The greatest Pandya king
Nendujelian
The city of Madurai was laid under a curse by
kannagi
In Sangam Administration
what was the king called in the centre of administration?
What was Avai in the context of Sangam Administration?
The court of the crowned monarch
What is a king called when defeated in a battle and committing ritual suicide?
Vatta kiirutal practice
What is the practice of starving oneself to death called?
Vatta kirutal practice
What is Sangam Wasan?
An assembly of Tamil poets held under the patronage of Pandyan kings in Madurai
According to tradition how long did the first Sangam last and how many poets and kings attended it?
Lasted for 9990 years; Attended by 8598 poets and 197 Pandyan kings
Who attended the first Sangam?
Gods and legendary sages
What is the only surviving work of the second Sangam?
Tolkappiyam - an early work on Tamil grammar by Tolakapiyyar
What are the major works in Ettutogai and Pattupattu collectively called?
Melakanakku
What is Kura or Muppal written by ——
referred to as?
Name some epics from Sangam literature.
Silappadikaram; Manimekalai; Sivaga Sindamani; etc.
What does Silappadikaram the story of the Anklet deal with?
It deals with the story of Kovalan and Madhavi of Kaveripattinam - often called the Iliyad of Tamil poetry
What is Manimekalai written by ——- about?
Sittalai Sattanar; It deals with the adventures of Marimekalai the daughter born of Kovalan and Madhavi - a sequel to Silappadikaram and strongly tinged with Buddhism
What is Sivaga Sindamani (ivaka Chintamani) written by Jain Tiruttakrdevas about?
It is strongly tinged with Jainism
Bharatam written by
Perudevanar
