Sulla and Marius 119-79BC

Question 1

What was Marius’ political background

Answer 1

-he was a novus homo
-he was a client of the Metelli family
-fought in the numantime war with Tiberius Gracchas

Question 2

When does Marius become tribune and what does he do with his power

Answer 2

-119BC
-Pushes for election reform bills that would tighten the lex Gabinia threatening to arrest metellus if its not passed
-this gains the respect of the plebs however he then loses it by opposing a corn bill that would lower the price

Question 3

What three titles does Marius attempt to get before the Jugurthine war

Answer 3

-Aedile 117BC and fails
-Praetor in 115BC and succeeds
-Julias wife (caesar aunt)

Question 4

How does Marius get involved and then uninvolved in the Jugurthine war

Answer 4

-Metellus gets put in charge of the war and brings Marius with him
-in 107BC Marius asks to leave to become consul
-Metellus says no only after theyve finished and he has to run with his son

Question 5

What does Marius do while consul for the first time and why is it controversial?

Answer 5

-gets military power away from Metellus and gives it to himself
-uses the plebian assembly to gain these powers instead of asking the senate
-allows the urban poor to join the military instead of having to earn a certain income
-Due to being the first novus homo consul he makes a speech condemning patricians saying hes proud of his lack of elegance

Question 6

In 103BC the senate try to block Marius from becoming consul again how does marius react?

Answer 6

-Marius wants command of the mithradatic army (sullas) in other places so runs for consul with Saturninas and Glauncia (populares)
-Glauncia won as praetor but Saturninas didnt so Marius’ veterans killed some of the opposition
-he brought the into the senate house forcing them to let him set up colonies in Macedonia, Sicilly and Archea

Question 6

what happened to Saturninas and Glaucia after Marius broke up with them and when did it happen

Answer 6

-101BC
-Saturninas is voted tribune
-Glaucia illegally becomes consul (as he is still praetor) and the SCU is passed
-Marius arrests them and hides out but the mob break through and throw tiles at there heads killing them

Question 6

What military problems happen in 104BC and how does Marius deal with them

Answer 6

-Sicilian slavery uprising
-Germanicus invasion of northern Italy
-Marius holds consul for 6 years while hes in Absentia

Question 7

What was a key improvement of the Roman army marius made

Answer 7

-The army have to carry there own baggage and prepare there own food making them quicker as they don’t have to wait for the baggage train

Question 8

What was Sullas social standing before getting involved

Answer 8

-Patrician family who’d fallen into oblivion
-negotiated the treaty resulting in Jugurtha’s capture
-was a Quaestor

Question 9

What does Sulla do during the social war and when is it

Answer 9

-91-88 BC
-Italian tribes want citizenship and is given with the lex lulia in 90BC
-in 89 Sulla captures the Bovianum vetus with a samite army and is given consul ship in 88

Question 10

Why does Glaucia ally with Marius

Answer 10

-because he wants to help the Italian citizens have full voting writes and the optimates keep blocking him
-his deal with marius is that hell give marius command of the mithradatic army in exchange for him using his veterans to pass the bill

Question 11

What is Sullas reaction to Marius and Glaucias plan and how does it lead to him marching on rome

Answer 11

-suspends business (Iustitium) but Glaucia declares that illegal and armed fighting takes place so sulla calls it off and marius gets the armies
- however sulla races towards campania where the army is and takes control of them and marches on rome
-Marius escapes to africa where his veterans are

Question 12

What rules does Sulla put in place after his first take over of rome

Answer 12

-he wants to march east but cant because people in rome will rise up
-he suspends buissness while hes away
-he elects himslef consul
-tribunes cant propose legislation

Question 13

how does marius and cinna respond to sullas takeover of rome

Answer 13

-he marches on rome while sullas gone and cinna lets him in
-murders sullas supporters
-passes away during his 7th consulship
-the italians get there rights in 86BC
-cinna is reelcted every year and outlaws sulla
-in greece cinnas troops mutiny and kill him

Question 14

how does sulla take over rome again

Answer 14

-in 83BC he allies with crassus in brudiziam and pompey brings his troops from spain
-in 82BC at the battle of Colline gate he beats marius’ son

Question 15

what happens to the tribunes under sullas rule

Answer 15

-tribunes cant propose legislation to the pople unless sanctioned by the senate
-thier right to veto is limited
-they were deprived of judicial powers
-anyone who held tribuneship was denied political office

Question 16

what changes to the cursus honorum were made under sullas rule

Answer 16

-the lex villa annalis was redrafted enforcing minimum age limits
-a man could not hold the same office twice within 10 years
-more praetors were added
-censors were not allowed to draw up lists for those eligible for the senate

Question 17

What changes were made to the provinces under sulla

Answer 17

-commands in provinces became annual
-he decided who provincial governors were apart from 10 chosen by the senate
-a Lex de Malestate was passed which forbade governors to leave there provinces or make war ithout the senates permission

Question 18

What happened to law enforcement under sulla

Answer 18

-no state pension for soldiers so commanders provide finance
-courts are increased to 7 covering all crimes
-penalties for crimes were fixed
-juries were recruited from senators not equites

Question 19

whats on the sulla coin

Answer 19

-aphrodite and eros giving her a leaf (symbol of victory)
-says imperator with some trophies of war

Question 20

whats on the sulla coin from 82BC

Answer 20

-roma and victory goddesses, quadiga (four horse racing chariot)
-says imperator

Question 21

What omen did Plutarch say took place representing Marius and Sulla

Answer 21

-sparrow flies into the temple with a grasshopper signifying conflict between land owners and urban masses

Question 22

what are some key plutarch quotes for this time

Answer 22

-he says sulpicius was evil and had a group called the anti senate
-“the senate was not its own master”
-“by those proceedings he won the secret distane of the senate”